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| 冬小麦群体结构及产量对播期和追氮时期的响应 |
| Population structure and yield response of winter wheat to sowing date and nitrogen topdressing stage |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-08 修订日期：2024-03-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 播期、追氮时期、群体动态、物质积累、产量 |
| 英文关键词:sowing period, nitrogen application period, population dynamics, material accumulation, yield |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-03) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300407) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究播期和追氮时期及其互作对冬小麦群体结构和籽粒产量的调控效应,本研究通过开展不同播期(S1：9月29日、S2：10月31日)和追氮时期(N1：返青期、N2：拔节期)田间试验,分析了冬小麦生育进程、植被覆盖度、群体动态、干物质积累、农艺性状、籽粒产量及其构成因素在不同处理间的差异。结果表明,出苗至返青期的发育天数S2较S1少35天,但返青至成熟期的天数二者仅差1天。各生育时期的归一化植被指数(NDVI)、群体茎蘖数、干物质积累量均为S1处理高于S2,但S2与S1干物质积累量差异幅度随生育进程的推进逐渐缩小；籽粒产量和穗数S1处理亦显著高于S2,但穗茎比、小穗结实率和穗粒数与之相反。追氮时期对拔节期和灌浆后期的NDVI影响显著,N1显著高于N2；但开花期和成熟期的干物积累量N2高于N1,S1、S2条件下分别提高6.9%、11.4%和4.4%、4.9%；分蘖成穗率、籽粒产量及其构成三因素在N1与N2间无显著差异。总体来看,晚播小麦可以通过自身调节加速生育进程,提高干物质生产速率、小穗结实率和穗粒数以确保丰产；返青期追氮有利于提高晚播小麦春季植被指数和茎蘖数,拔节期追氮则利于促进花后干物质的积累。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the regulatory effects of sowing and nitrogen topdressing stage and their interaction on the population structure and grain yield of winter wheat, this study analyzed the fertility process, vegetation cover, population dynamics, dry matter accumulation, agronomic traits, grain yield and its components among different treatments by carrying out a field experiment with different sowing date (S1: September 29, S2: October 31) and nitrogen topdressing stage (N1: Regreening stage, N2: Jointing stage). The results showed that the days from seedling emergence to regreening was 35 days less in S2 treatment than in S1, but the difference of days from regreening to maturity was only 1 day. The normalized difference in vegetation index (NDVI), tillers number and dry matter accumulation amount were higher in S1 than in S2, but the differences in dry matter accumulation between S2 and S1 gradually narrowed with the advance of the fertility process; grain yield and spikes number were also significantly higher in S1 than in S2, but the opposite was true for spike-to-stem ratio, fertility rate of spikelets and grain number per spike. NDVI at jointing and late filling stage was significantly affected by nitrogen topdressing stage, which in N1 treatment was significantly higher than in N2; however, dry matter accumulation amount at flowering and maturity was higher in N2 than in N1, and was increased by 6.9%, 11.4%, 4.4% and 4.9% in S1 and S2, respectively; there was no significant difference in tiller formation rate, grain yield and its composition between N1 and N2. In general, late-sown wheat can accelerate the reproductive process through self-regulation, and increase dry matter production rate, fertility rate of spikelets and grain number per spike to ensure high yielding. Topdressing nitrogen at regreening stage is beneficial to improve the spring vegetative index and tillers number, while topdressing nitrogen at jointing stage was more favourable to increase post-anthesis dry matter accumulation |
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