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作者	单位	地址
陈海情	塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所河南师范大学生命科学学院	河南省新乡市牧野区宏力大道农灌所
黄超
马守田
王鹏飞
孟晔
安佳慧
刘栩辰
王兴鹏
刘战东^*	中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所	中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所

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中文摘要:

为探讨旋耕和深松条件下生物炭施用量对冬小麦产量和土壤碳氮的影响，探寻冬小麦最佳耕作方式和施炭量组合，通过田间试验，设置旋耕（XG）与深松（SS）2种耕作方式（T）和0、4.5（B1）、9 t/hm2（B2）三个施炭量（B），比较分析了不同处理间冬小麦产量和土壤碳氮的差异。耕作方式和施炭量对土壤硝态氮残留、总碳、全氮和微生物量碳、氮有显著影响，两者的交互作用对全氮和微生物量碳的影响分别在2022年和2023年达到显著水平。0-20 cm土层，与旋耕处理相比，深松处理总碳提高13.9%，全氮含量提高29.5%，且对20-30 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮含量具有促进作用，同时硝态氮残留显著降低8.5%。与不施生物炭相比，施加生物炭对0-30 cm土层土壤微生物量碳、氮含量有促进作用，并降低0-50 cm土层土壤硝态氮残留，导致总碳和全氮增加22.4%和6.7%；在2022、2023年，深松和施用生物炭处理冬小麦产量分别较传统XG处理显著增加15.8%和12.0%，其中，SSB2处理最高，分别为9.8 t/hm2和9 t/hm2。综合分析表明，深松+9 t/hm2生物炭效果最好，是高产和提高土壤肥力的耕作与施炭组合，可以应用推广。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of biochar application on winter wheat yield and soil carbon and nitrogen under rotary tillage and deep loosening conditions, and to explore the optimal combination of tillage and biochar application rates for winter wheat. Through field trials, two types of tillage methods, rotary tillage (XG) and deep loosening (SS), and three biochar application rates, 0, 4.5 (B1), and 9 t/hm2 (B2), differences in winter wheat yield and soil carbon and nitrogen between treatments were comparatively analyzed. Tillage practices and biochar application rates had significant effects on microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil total carbon, soil nitrate nitrogen residues and total nitrogen , and the effect of the interaction between the two on total nitrogen and microbial carbon reached significance in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Compared with the rotary tillage treatment, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, total carbon increased by 13.9% and total nitrogen content increased by 29.5% in the deep loosening treatment, the deep loosening treatment significantly promoted the increase of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in the 20-30 cm soil layer, while nitrate nitrogen residue was significantly reduced by 8.5%. Compared with no biochar application, biochar application increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer, and reduced soil nitrate nitrogen residue in the 0-50 cm soil layer, resulting in an increase of total carbon and total nitrogen by 22.4 % and 6.7 %, respectively. In 2022 and 2023, winter wheat yields were significantly increased by 15.8% and 12.0% in deep loosening and biochar application treatments, respectively, compared with the conventional XG treatment, with the highest in the SSB2 treatment at 9.8 t/hm2 and 9 t/hm2, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that deep loosening + 9 t/hm2 biochar had the best effect, it is a combination of tillage and charcoal application that can be applied and promoted for high yield and improved soil fertility.

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