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| 氮管理及氮形态对强筋冬小麦产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响 |
| Effects of Different Nitrogen Management and Form on Yield, Processing Quality and Nitrogen Utilization of Strong Gluten Winter Wheat |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-14 修订日期：2024-01-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 氮素利用 产量 加工品质 主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Nitrogen utilization Yield Processing quality Principal component analysis |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目 (2021YFD1901005),河北省省级科技计划资助(21326407D)，河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题资助(2022KJCXZX-ZHS-4) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同氮素管理模式及氮形态对强筋小麦植株生长、籽粒蛋白及产量的影响，通过优化氮管理，实现小麦增产和籽粒品质的协同提升，选用强筋小麦师栾02-1在河北省柏乡县进行田间试验，在相同氮形态下，设置6种施氮处理：不施氮肥（CK）、常规施肥（FP）、常规减氮22%（78%FP）、常规减氮44%（56%FP）、优化施肥（CF）、再优化施肥（RCF）；在相同施氮量下，设置3种氮形态模式：硝态氮肥（NO3--N）、铵态氮肥（NH4+-N）、酰胺态氮肥（Urea），研究了不同氮肥管理对强筋冬小麦产量和加工品质的影响。结果表明：氮肥用量、基追比例和氮肥类型对小麦产量和加工品质均有显著影响。在氮肥施用量为0~270 kg·hm?2范围内，提高氮肥用量有利于单位面积穗数的提高但不利于千粒重的提高。随氮肥基追比例的增加，小麦单位面积穗数、千粒重和氮肥农学效率均呈先升高后降低的趋势，在氮肥基追比为1:2时，3项指标均达到最大值。施用硝态氮肥显著提高了单位面积穗数、氮肥利用率及氮肥农学效率。利用主成分分析法将小麦加工品质指标分为蛋白质质量因子和磨粉质量因子。结果可知，粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量等蛋白质质量因子均随施氮量的增加呈现增加趋势，氮肥基追比为1:2时对小麦加工品质提升效应最大，施用铵态氮肥时小麦加工品质性状最优但产量较低，硝态氮肥和酰胺态氮肥无明显差异。综合产量、氮肥利用率及加工品质指标，氮肥施用量为210 kg·hm?2、基追比为1:2且施用硝态氮肥是强筋冬小麦减肥增效、提质增产协同最佳的氮肥管理模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a scientific basis for realizing synergistic improvement of wheat yield and grain quality through optimized nitrogen(N), we studied the effects of N management and N form on plant growth, grain yield, and protein content of strong gluten wheat. The field experiment was conducted in Baixiang county, Hebei Province, and the strong gluten wheat cultivar used in this study were Shiluan 02-1. Specifically, six N application treatments were set up under the same N form as CK, FP, 78%FP, 56%FP, CF, RCF. And there were three N form treatments in the same N application rate, which were nitrate N fertilizer(NO3--N), ammonium N fertilizer (NH4+-N) and amide N fertilizer(Urea), respectively, to study the effect of N management on the yield and processing quality of strong gluten wheat. The results showed that there were significant effects on N application rate, N ratio and N form to the wheat yield and processing quality. The spike number per area increased significantly with the increasing N application within 0~270 kg·hm?2, and the 1000 grain weight performs opposite. The spike number per area, 1000 grain weight and N agronomic efficiency of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of top dressing ratio, when the base-dressing ratio was 1:2, the three indicators all reach their maximum values. The NO3--N fertilizers significantly affected the spike number per area, N absorption and utilization rate, N agronomic efficiency of wheat. According to principal component analysis, the processing quality indices were classified into two categories: the protein quality factor and the milling quality factor. The grain crude protein content, wet gluten content and other protein quality factors all showed an increasing trend with the increasing fertilizer dosage. The base-dressing ratio of 1:2 greatly enhanced the processing quality of wheat. The wheat quality is the best when the NH4+-N fertilizers were applied, however, the yield was the lowest. And there was no significant difference for the yield and the quality between using urea and NO3--N fertilizers. Based on various indicators, the N application rate of 210 kg·hm?2, the base-dressing ratio of 1:2 and NO3--N fertilizers were the optimal nitrogen fertilizer management mode for the high yield, processing quality and nitrogen use efficiency while reducing nitrogen application rate of strong gluten winter wheat. |
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