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| 大气NH3浓度升高和施氮对冬小麦生物量和氮素利用的影响 |
| Effects of elevated atmospheric NH3 concentration and nitrogen application on biomass and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-17 修订日期：2023-02-10 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 大气NH3浓度升高 施氮 冬小麦 生物量积累 氮素积累 氮素利用 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Elevated atmospheric NH3 concentration Nitrogen application Winter wheat Biomass accumulation Nitrogen accumulation Nitrogen utilization Yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(31871562) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示大气NH3浓度升高和不同施氮对冬小麦生物量积累、各器官氮素积累和氮素利用的影响，通过开顶式气室，以小偃22为试验材料，于2020-2022两年进行田间微区试验，设置不同施氮水平（0 kg·hm-2、180 kg·hm-2和240 kg·hm-2）和大气NH3浓度（空气背景NH3浓度: 0.01-0.03 mg·m-3, AM; 高NH3浓度: 0.30-0.60 mg·m-3, EAM）两个因子。结果表明，大气NH3浓度升高能显著提升小麦地上部生物量积累，根系生物量积累，地上部氮素积累和根系氮素积累，分别较空气背景NH3浓度2年内平均提升了5.77%，6.74%，8.94%和9.98%。在空气背景NH3浓度下，小麦产量随着施氮量增加而提高，施氮180 kg·hm-2处理和240 kg·hm-2处理2年间分别显著提高了45.26%和50.67%。在大气NH3浓度升高环境中，随着施氮量增加，小麦产量出现先升高后降低的趋势，施氮180kg·hm-2处理下产量最高，施氮240 kg·hm-2处理下小麦产量显著降低17.97%，小麦氮肥农学效率和氮素利用率也随之降低。这说明，大气NH3浓度升高的环境中减少氮肥施用，保持氮肥水平为180 kg·hm-2能有效提升冬小麦的氮素利用率，稳定小麦产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to reveal the effects of elevated atmospheric NH3 concentration and different nitrogen application on the biomass accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat, a field micro experiment was conducted in 2020-2022 with Xiaoyan 22 as experimental material in an open top chamber, Two factors were set up at different nitrogen application levels(0 kg·hm-2, 180 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2) and atmospheric NH3 concentration (air background NH3 concentration: 0.01-0.03 mg·m-3, AM; high NH3 concentration: 0.30-0.60 mg·m-3, EAM). The results showed that the increase of atmospheric NH3 concentration could significantly increase the aboveground biomass accumulation, root biomass accumulation, aboveground nitrogen accumulation and root nitrogen accumulation of wheat, which were 5.77%, 6.74%, 8.94% and 9.98% higher than the background NH3 concentration in two years. Under the air background NH3 concentration, the wheat yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The treatment of 180 kg·hm-2 and 240 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application significantly increased by 45.26% and 50.67% respectively in two years. In the high NH3 concentration, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the wheat yield first increased and then decreased. The yield of wheat was the highest under the 180kg·hm-2 nitrogen application, and the yield of wheat was significantly reduced by 17.97% under the 240 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application, and the agronomic efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat nitrogen fertilizer also decreased. This shows that reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and maintaining the level of nitrogen fertilizer at 180 kg·hm-2 in the environment with elevated atmospheric NH3 concentration can effectively improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency of winter wheat and stabilize wheat yield. |
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