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作者	单位	地址
陈雨欣	新疆农业大学	新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区农大东路311号新疆农业大学
杨卫君	新疆农业大学	新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区农大东路311号新疆农业大学
赵红梅
李大平
宋世龙
惠超
耿洪伟

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中文摘要:

为研究氮肥和生物质炭不同配施量对北疆灌区春小麦生长、产量及品质的综合影响，采用随机区组试验设计，设3个氮肥水平：不施氮肥(N0：0 kg?hm-2)、常规氮肥(N1：300 kg?hm-2)、减量氮肥 (N2：255 kg?hm-2)；4个生物质炭水平，不施生物质炭(B0：0 kg?hm-2)、低量生物质炭(B1：10×103 kg?hm-2)、中量生物质炭(B2：20×103 kg?hm-2)、高量生物质炭(B3：30×103 kg?hm-2)，共12个处理。结果表明：生物质炭与氮肥配施可提高小麦单株干物质积累，促进花前同化物转运量、转运率和对籽粒的贡献率，提高春小麦籽粒灌浆特性，促进小麦产量的形成，对小麦加工、营养品质亦有积极影响，选取10个小麦生长、品质及产量指标进行主成分分析，减量氮肥配施中量生物质炭（N2B2）处理综合得分最高，达1.72，且该处理下成熟期单株干物质最高，达5.12 g?plant-1，花前同化物转运量、转运率和对籽粒的贡献率分别为0.46 g?plant-1、15.32%、17.41%，产量与单施氮肥（N1B0）处理相比，提高22.12%，营养品质中蛋白质（干基）、淀粉（湿基）含量分别为16.59%、62.12%，加工品质中面筋（湿基）、Zeleny沉降值、硬度分别为31.31%、46.95mL、63.79。综上所述，在本试验条件下，减量氮肥配施中量生物质炭（N2B2）处理有利于北疆灌区春小麦生产中达到稳产增产提质增效的目的。

英文摘要:

In order to study the comprehensive effects of different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth, yield and quality of spring wheat in the irrigation area of Northern Xinjiang, a randomized block design was adopted. Three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were set up: no nitrogen fertilizer (N0:0 kg?hm-2), conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N1:300 kg?hm-2), and reduced nitrogen fertilizer (N2:255 kg?hm-2); 4 levels of biochar, no biochar (B0:0 kg?hm-2), low biochar (B1:10 × 103 kg?hm-2), medium amount of biochar (B2:20 × 103 kg?hm-2), high volume biochar (B3:30 × 103 kg?hm-2), a total of 12 treatments. The results showed that the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could improve dry matter accumulation per plant of wheat, promote the transport amount, transport rate and contribution rate of assimilates to grains before anthesis, improve the grain filling characteristics of spring wheat, promote the formation of wheat yield, and also have a positive impact on wheat processing and nutritional quality. Ten wheat growth, quality and yield indicators were selected for principal component analysis, The comprehensive score of the treatment of reduced nitrogen fertilizer combined with medium amount of biochar (N2B2) was the highest, reaching 1.72, and the dry matter per plant of this treatment was the highest, reaching 5.12 g?plant-1 at the maturity stage. The transport amount, transport rate and contribution rate of assimilates to grains before anthesis were 0.46 g?plant-1, 15.32% and 17.41%, respectively. Compared with the treatment of nitrogen fertilizer alone (N1B0), the yield was increased by 22.12%, and the content of protein (dry basis) and starch (wet basis) in nutritional quality were 16.59% and 62.12%, respectively, In processing quality, gluten (wet basis), Zeleny sedimentation value and hardness are 31.31%, 46.95mL and 63.79 respectively. To sum up, under the conditions of this experiment, the treatment of reducing nitrogen fertilizer and applying medium amount of biochar (N2B2) is conducive to achieving the goal of stable yield, yield increase, quality and efficiency in spring wheat production in the irrigation area of northern Xinjiang.

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