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为明确不同土壤肥力下小麦干物质生产和产量的差异，于2019-2020年小麦生长季，选择了产量潜力分别为10 500 kg·hm^-2和9 000 kg·hm^-2的超高产土壤肥力和高产土壤肥力两种麦田，以济麦22为材料，比较分析了不同土壤肥力麦田小麦的群体动态、干物质生产、籽粒灌浆特性、穗部特征和产量构成的差异。结果表明，与高产土壤肥力相比，超高产土壤肥力增加了小麦拔节至成熟期的干物质积累量及成熟期干物质在籽粒中的分配量，促进了小麦开花前营养器官储存同化物在开花后向籽粒的转运量和开花后的光合物质同化量，提高了收获指数；超高产土壤肥力使籽粒在灌浆中后期维持较高的灌浆速率，延长了活跃灌浆期，提高了粒重。超高产土壤肥力通过增加单位面积的穗数和千粒重，实现小麦高产。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the difference in dry matter production and yield of wheat under different soil fertility, two wheat fields with super-high-yield soil fertility and high-yield soil fertility were selected during the 2019-2020 wheat growth season, with yield potential of 10 500 kg·hm^-2 and 9 000 kg·hm^-2.Using Jimai 22 as the material, the differences in population dynamics, dry matter production, grain filling characteristics, spike characteristics and yield components of wheat fields with different soil fertility were compared and analyzed.The results showed that, compared with high-yield soil-fertility wheat fields, super-high-yield soil fertility wheat fields increased the dry matter accumulation from jointing to maturity and the distribution of dry matter in the grains during maturity.It promoted the translocation amount of dry matter stored in the vegetative organs of wheat to the grain after anthesis and the assimilation amount after anthesis, and improved the harvest index.The super-high-yield soil fertility wheat field maintained a high grain filling rate at the middle and late stages of grain filling, prolonged the active grain filling period and increased the grain weight.The super-high-yield soil fertility wheat field obtained high-yield by increasing the number of spike per unit area and thousand-grain weight.

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