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作者	单位
赵凯男,吴金芝,黄明,李友军,赵广才,付国占,王春平,张振旺,侯园泉,杨中帅	（1.河南科技大学农学院，河南洛阳 471023；2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室，北京 100081）

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中文摘要:

为了明确在河南不同生产条件下实现小麦高产高效的耕作技术，通过CNKI和Web of Science进行文献检索，共获得45篇相关大田文献和192组试验数据，以常规耕作（翻耕）为对照，采用Meta分析方法，定量分析了不同区域、不同降雨量、不同施氮量、不同土壤类型下旋耕、深松耕、免耕对河南小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，与常规耕作相比，旋耕小麦的产量和水分利用效率分别降低3.08% （P<0.05）和3.75%（P>0.05），深松耕提高10.46%（P<0.05）和8.56%（P<0.05），免耕提高2.32% （P>0.05）和8.32%（P<0.05）。其中，旋耕小麦产量在豫东、豫南、豫北均显著降低，降幅分别为10.58%、7.85%、 4.05%；深松耕小麦产量在豫中、豫东、豫西均显著提高，增幅分别为12.58%、15.01%、12.29%；免耕小麦产量在豫西和豫南分别显著增加（增幅8.38%）和显著降低（降幅4.15%）。与常规耕作相比，在年降雨量≤500 mm、500~600 mm、>600 mm下，旋耕小麦产量均显著降低，降幅分别为6.30%、4.20%、 3.33%，水分利用效率均无显著变化；深松耕产量均显著提高，增幅分别为13.68%、7.19%、11.45%，水分利用效率分别提高9.23%（P<0.05）、6.45%（P>0.05）、16.79%（P<0.05）；免耕小麦产量在年降雨量500~600 mm条件下提高6.23%（P<0.05），水分利用效率在年降雨量>600 mm条件下提高10.87% （P<0.05）。与常规耕作相比，旋耕小麦产量和水分利用效率在施氮量150~240 kg·hm^-2条件下均显著降低，降幅分别为5.39%和 7.54%；深松耕小麦产量在施氮量≤150 kg·hm^-2和150~240 kg·hm^-2条件下，水分利用效率在施氮量≤150 kg·hm^-2、150~240 kg·hm^-2、>240 kg·hm^-2条件下均显著提高，产量增幅分别为12.41%和 9.65%，水分利用效率增幅分别为8.98%、11.69%和11.21%；免耕小麦的产量和水分利用效率在施氮量≤150 kg·hm^-2条件下分别提高8.88%和11.10%。与常规耕作相比，在潮土和砂姜黑土条件下旋耕小麦产量均显著降低，降幅分别为9.48%和9.25%，而在黄土条件下免耕小麦产量和水分利用效率均显著提高，增幅分别为8.38%和9.21%；深松耕在不同土壤类型下均能提高小麦产量和水分用效率，且在壤土和黄土条件下效果较好。综上，旋耕在河南不同生产条件下均会降低小麦产量和水分利用效率；除豫南外，深松耕均可提高河南小麦产量和水分利用效率；免耕显著提高了总体水分利用效率，尤其在豫西地区、施氮量≤150 kg·hm^-2以及黄土质地条件下效果显著。因此，采用深松耕技术有利于提高河南除豫南外地区的小麦产量和水分利用效率，在豫西地区、施氮量≤150 kg·hm^-2或黄土条件下也可以应用免耕技术。

英文摘要:

In order to clarified the suitable tillage patterns for high-yield and high-efficiency under different production conditions in Henan,a total of 192 databases were obtained from 45 published literatures which retrieved through CNKI and Web of Science,and the effects of rotary tillage(RT),subsoiling tillage(ST) and no-tillage(NT) on grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) in wheat in different region annual precipitations and nitrogen(N) application rates in Henan were quantified using a meta-analysis method,compared with conventional tillage practice(ploughing plus other relevant surface tillage,CT).Compared with CT,the grain yield and WUE in RT were decreased by 3.08%(P<0.05) and 3.75%(P>0.05),respectively,but increased by 10.46%(P<0.05) and 8.56%(P< 0.05) in ST,and increased by 8.32%(P<0.05) and 2.32%(P>0.05) in NT. Among them,the grain yield in RT were significantly reduced by 10.58%,7.85% and 4.05% in eastern,southern and northern Henan,respectively,but significantly increased in ST by 12.58%,15.01% and 12.29% in central,eastern and western Henan,while was significantly increased in NT by 8.38% in western Henan and significantly reduced in NT by 4.15% in southern Henan. The results showed that the wheat yield under rotary tillage decreased significantly by 6.30%,4.20% and 3.33%,respectively,and the water use efficiency had no significant change; the yield under subsoiling tillage increased significantly by 13.68%,7.19% and 11.45%,respectively,and the water use efficiency increased by 9.23%(P<0.05),6.45%(P>0.05) and 16.79%(P<0.05),respectively. Compare with CT,NT significantly increased the grain yield by 6.23% under annual precipitation at 500-600 mm,but significantly increased WUE by 10.87% under annual precipitation at > 600 mm. Compare with CT,RT significantly reduced the grain yield and WUE by 5.39% and 7.54%,respectively,under the N rate at 150-240 kg·hm^-2; the ST increased the grain yield by 12.41% and 9.65%,under the N rate ≤150 kg·hm^-2and 150-240 kg·hm^-2,and the WUE by 8.98%,11.69% and 11.21% under the N rate≤150 kg·hm^-2,150-240 kg·hm^-2 and>240 kg·hm^-2; while NT significantly increased the grain yield and WUE by 8.88% and 11.10%,respectively,under the N rate≤150 kg·hm^-2. Compared with CT,RT significantly reduced the grain yield by 9.48% and 9.25%,respectively under the alluvial soil and lime concretion black soil; NT significantly increased the grain yield and WUE by 8.38% and 9.21%,respectively under the loess soil; ST could improve grain yield and WUE under different soil types,particularly under loam and loess soil. Above all,the RT could reduce the grain yield and WUE in wheat under all the conditions of production areas,annual precipitation and N application rate,but the ST could help to increase wheat yield and WUE under all of the production conditions in Henan except southern Henan. Moreover,the NT was prone to increase the WUE in wheat,particularly in western Henan and the N rate at ≤150 kg·hm^-2. These results suggested that ST could help to improve the grain yield and water use efficiency in wheat in Henan except southern Henan,and NT could be extended in western Henan under the conditions of N rate ≤150 kg·hm^-2or loess soil types.

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