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李福建，徐东忆，吴鹏，张新钵，丁永刚，马泉，朱敏，李春燕，朱新开，丁锦峰，郭文善.耕播方式对稻茬小麦籽粒产量、养分吸收和利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2021,(3):338

耕播方式对稻茬小麦籽粒产量、养分吸收和利用的影响

Effect of Tillage and Sowing Methods on Grain Yield,Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Wheat Following Rice

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2021.03.10

中文关键词: 稻茬小麦耕播方式籽粒产量养分吸收利用

英文关键词:Wheat following rice Tillage and sowing methods Grain yield Nutrient uptake and utilization

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300405）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31771711）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；扬州大学科技创新团队项目；扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目（XKYCX18_079）

作者	单位
李福建，徐东忆，吴鹏，张新钵，丁永刚，马泉，朱敏，李春燕，朱新开，丁锦峰，郭文善	(扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学小麦研究中心，江苏扬州 225009)

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中文摘要:

为给稻茬小麦机械化高产高效生产提供参考，以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料，研究了水稻秸秆全量还田、耕作层土壤含水量85.7%条件下不同耕作方式（耕翻、旋耕和板茬）和播种方式（条播、带状条播和均匀摆播）对稻茬小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、养分吸收和利用的影响。结果表明，板茬处理更利于小麦对养分的吸收，成熟期氮、磷、钾积累量比耕翻和旋耕处理分别提高了20.1%和5.7%、35.0%和17.7%、7.0%和4.0%，且增加了肥料表观利用率、肥料利用效率、肥料农学效率和百公斤籽粒吸氮量，产量比耕翻和旋耕处理分别高14.9%和9.6%。均匀摆播较条播和带状条播提高了小麦氮、磷、钾素吸收能力，且促进了花后氮、磷素的积累与花前积累的转运；此外，均匀摆播的肥料农学效率比条播和带状条播分别提高30.6%～31.9%和4.1%～4.7%，氮肥、磷肥表观利用率分别提高了15.4%和4.6%、12.8%和3.5%。本试验条件下，板茬配以均匀摆播的耕播方式能够通过提高小麦早期氮、磷、钾养分吸收能力来促进植株生长和后期养分积累，进而增加养分吸收效率，有利于籽粒产量与养分利用效率的协同提高，但籽粒蛋白质含量未有一致表现，仍待进一步研究。

英文摘要:

The field experiment was conducted under the condition of full amount rice straw returning and the relative soil water content of 85.7% in plough layer with the wheat variety Yangmai 23 to investigate the effects of different tillage methods (ploughing tillage,rotary tillage and no-tillage) and sowing methods (drilling,ribbon-drilling,and broadcast) on grain yield,protein content,nutrient uptake and utilization for providing the basis for high yield and high efficiency production of rice stubble wheat. The results showed that,no-tillage was more beneficial to improve the absorption of nutrients.No-tillage increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 20.1%,5.7%,and 35.0%,compared with ploughing,and by 17.7%,7.0% and 4.0%,respectively,compared with rotary tillage. No-tillage increased the apparent utilization efficiency of fertilizer,the utilization efficiency of fertilizer,the agronomy efficiency of fertilizer,and the nitrogen absorption of 100 kg grains.Yield of no-tillage were 14.9% and 9.6% higher than that of ploughing and rotary tillage.The broadcast method,compared with other sowing methods,improved the uptake capacity of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,promoted the post-anthesis accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus and the transportation of pre-anthesis accumulation. In addition,agronomy efficiency of fertilizer of broadcast method was 30.6%-31.9% higher than that of drilling,and 4.1%-4.7% higher than that of ribbon-drilling. Compared to drilling and ribbon-drilling,the apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency and apparent phosphorus utilization efficiency of broadcast method were increased by 15.4% and 4.6%,and 12.8% and 3.5%,respectively.The present experiment indicates that the combination of no-tillage and broadcast promoted the plant growth and nutrient accumulation by increasing the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium during the early growth stages,and then increased the absorption efficiency of nutrient to facilitate the synergetic improvement of grain yield and nutrient use efficiency. It also suggests that the proposed tillage and sowing combination can not achieve a high protein content,which needs further study.

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