| 卢小兰，于振文，张永丽，石 玉.测墒补灌条件下不同穗型小麦耗水特性和同化物积累与分配研究[J].麦类作物学报,2019,(12):1486 |
| 测墒补灌条件下不同穗型小麦耗水特性和同化物积累与分配研究 |
| Study on Water Consumption Characteristics and Dry Matter Assimilation Accumulation and Distribution of Different Spike Type Wheat Varieties under Supplemental Irrigation Based on Soil Moisture |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2019.12.12 |
| 中文关键词: 不同穗型小麦 测墒补灌 耗水特性 同化物积累与分配 |
| 英文关键词:Different panicle types of wheat Irrigation based on testing soil moisture Water consumption characteristics Dry matter accumulation and distribution |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31771717)；山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2016CM34)；农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-3-1-19) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解测墒补灌对小麦水分利用和干物质积累与分配的影响及与品种类型的关系，在田间条件下，以中穗型品种青农2号和济麦22、大穗型品种山农23和山农30为材料，设置小麦全生育期不灌水（W0）、节水灌溉（W1）和充分灌溉（W2）3个水分处理（W1处理拔节期和开花期0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量分别补灌至65%和70%，W2分别补灌至85%和90%），研究了不同土壤水分下两种穗型小麦耗水特性和同化物积累与分配。结果表明，两种穗型小麦的W1处理灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著低于W2处理；60~140 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著低于W0处理，高于W2处理。W1处理开花前营养器官贮藏干物质在开花后向籽粒的转运量和对籽粒产量的贡献率均低于W0处理，而开花后干物质对籽粒产量的贡献率及成熟期干物质在籽粒中的分配量和分配比例均高于W0处理，W2处理的上述指标与W1处理均无显著差异。两种穗型小麦W1处理的籽粒产量高于W0处理，与W2处理无差异；W1处理水分利用效率和灌水利用效率高于W2处理。W1处理下两中穗型品种灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例和土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例的平均值分别比两大穗品种的平均值低4.95%、2.77%、7.15%和3.54%；两个中穗型品种开花前营养器官贮藏干物质向籽粒的转运量和贡献率比两个大穗型品种平均值分别高61.68%和70.33%，开花后干物质向籽粒的转运量、贡献率和成熟期干物质在籽粒中的分配量的平均值比两大穗型品种的平均值分别低13.88%、9.97%和18.08%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| We conducted a field experiment using medium-spike varieties Qingnong 2 and Jimai 22,large-spike varieties Shannong 23 and Shannong 30 as materials. Three irrigation treatments were designed,including no irrigation during growth duration of wheat(W0),water-saving irrigation(W1) and full irrigation(W2).Water content in 0-40 cm soil layer was replenished to 65% and 70% under W1 treatment and 85% and 90% under W2 treatment at jointing and anthesis stages,respectively. The water consumption characteristics and assimilation accumulation and distribution of the two spike-type wheat under different soil moisture were studied. The results showed that the ratio of irrigation to total water consumption of the two spike-type wheat under W1 treatment was significantly lower than that under W2 treatment; the soil water storage consumption of 60-140 cm soil layer under W1 was significantly lower than that under W0 treatment,but higher than that under W2 treatment. The translocation and contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter stored vegetative organs under W1 treatment was lower than that under W0 treatment,while the contribution rate of dry matter to grain after anthesis and distribution amount and distribution ratio of dry matter in grain at maturity under W1 were higher than those under W0 treatment.There is no significant difference for the above indicators under the increased irrigation to W2 level. The grain yield under W1 treatment of two spike types was higher than that under W0 treatment,and there was no difference from that under W2 treatment; water use efficiency and irrigation utilization efficiency under W1 were higher than those under W2 treatment. Irrigation amount and its ratio to total water consumption,soil water storage consumption and its ratio to total water consumption of the medium-spike wheat varieties were lower than those of the lager-spike varieties,by 4.95%,2.77%,7.15%,and 3.54%,respectively; the translocation rate and contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter to grain of medium-spike varieties were 61.68% and 70.33% higher than those ofthe lager-spike wheat varieties. The contribution rate of dry matter to grain transport after flowering and the mean value of dry matter distribution in grain at maturity were 13.88%,9.97% and 18.08% lower than those of the two large-spike varieties. |
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