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作者	单位
周洁，王旭，朱玉磊，刘惠惠，陈翔，魏凤珍，孙建强，宋有洪，李金才	(1.安徽农业大学农学院, 安徽合肥 230036；2.蒙城县农业科学研究所，安徽蒙城 233500）

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中文摘要:

为了解氮肥运筹对小麦茎秆抗倒性和产量的影响，以淮北地区主栽小麦品种烟农19和新麦26为供试材料，通过氮肥施用量和基追比两因素随机区组试验（施氮量设135、180、225和270 kg·hm^-2四个水平，分别用N1~N4代表；氮肥基追比设10∶0、7∶3、5∶5和3∶7四个水平，分别用R1～R4代表），分析了不同氮肥运筹下小麦茎秆基部第二、第三节间抗倒特征和产量差异。结果表明，小麦的株高、重心高度、倒伏程度和倒伏率均随着氮肥总施用量和基施量的增加而增加，其中N4水平下烟农19和新麦26的株高、重心高度比N1水平分别增加8.73%和12.9%。在N4R1处理下倒伏率最大，达到56%。在N3条件下小麦茎秆基部第二、第三节间粗度、秆壁厚度、茎秆强度和抗倒伏指数均高于其他施氮水平，较N1水平分别增加 18.89%、15.16%、33.03%、48.42%和48.95%。在相同氮肥施用总量条件下，R3处理的茎秆粗度、秆壁厚度显著大于其他处理，以N3R3处理的茎秆基部第二、第三节间抗倒形态特征最优。在相同追肥比例条件下，不同施氮总量间小麦产量表现为N3>N4>N2>N1；当氮肥总施用量相同，不同追肥比例下产量表现为R3>R2>R1>R4；两个品种产量均以N3R3处理最大，分别为8 279.14和8 062.36 kg·hm^-2，比产量最低的N1R1处理分别增产21.75%和15.82%。在本试验条件下，施氮量180～225 kg·hm^-2、基追比5∶5可作为淮北平原小麦的抗倒、丰产与稳产的氮肥运筹模式。

英文摘要:

To reveal the effects of nitrogen managements on wheat stem lodging resistance and grain yield,two wheat varieties：Yannong 19 and Xinmai 26 in Huaibei plain were used.A completely randomized block design with two factors and three replications were used,in which 135, 180, 225 and 270 kg·hm^-2were set for the nitrogen application amount represented by N1-N4,respectively, and four different base： supplementary ratios were set as 10∶0, 7∶3, 5∶5 and 3∶7 represented by R1-R4, respectively.The lodging resistance characteristics of the second and third stalk bases and yield difference of wheat under different nitrogen fertilization were analyzed.The results showed that plant height, height of gravity center, lodging degree and lodging rate of wheat were all increased with the increase of total nitrogen application and basal fertilizer amount,among which plant height and height of gravity center of Yannong 19 and Xinmai 26 were increased by 8.73% and 12.9%, respectively, compared N1 level with N4 level. The lodging rate reached the maximum(56%) under N4R1 treatment.Under N3 condition,the thickness of stem wall, stem strength and lodging resistance index of the basal second and third internode of wheat stalk were all increased by 18.89%, 15.16%, 33.03%, 48.42% and 48.95%, respectively, compared to the rest of nitrogen application regimes.Under the same total nitrogen amount level, the stem thickness and thickness of R3 were significantly higher than those under other treatments, and the basal second and third internode anti-inverted morphological characteristics under N3R3 performed best.Under the conditions of the same fertilizer ratio, wheat yield among treatments with different nitrogen application amounts was N3>N4>N2>N1.When the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was the same, the yield of R3>R2>R1>R4 was expressed under different ratio of top fertilizer.The yield of the two varieties was the highest under the N3R3 treatment with 8 279.14 kg·hm^-2and 8 062.36 kg·hm^-2, which was increased by 21.75% and 15.82%, respectively, compared with the lowest one under N1R1 treatment.Under the conditions of this experiment, the amount of 180-225 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen was applied and the ratio of basal and topdressing fertilizer was 5∶5,which could be used as the nitrogen fertilizer managements for stem lodging resistance, high yield and stable yield in Huaibei plain.

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