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作者	单位
王燕，祁虹，张谦，冯国艺，雷晓鹏，梁青龙，王树林，林永增	(河北省农林科学院棉花研究所，河北石家庄 050051)

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中文摘要:

为明确粮棉轮作两年三熟模式下棉茬小麦适宜的播期和播量，采用田间裂区试验，研究了不同播期（10月15日、10月25日和11月5日）和播量（187.5 kg·hm^-2、225.0 kg·hm^-2、262.5 kg·hm^-2和300.0 kg·hm^-2）对小麦生长发育、产量及其相关性状的影响。结果表明，在拔节期，小麦叶面积随着播期的推迟而下降；在孕穗期，10月25日播期时，播量过大（300.0 kg·hm^-2）会降低小麦叶面积；在扬花期，11月5日播期时，播量过小（187.5 kg·hm^-2）会降低小麦叶面积。随着播期的推迟，小麦生物量逐渐降低，且随小麦生长发育推移，播期对小麦生物量的影响程度逐渐降低。晚播可以提高小麦灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量，延缓叶片衰老。播期推迟会降低小麦拔节期、扬花期和成熟期的茎蘖数，播量增加会提高小麦的茎蘖数。随着播期的推迟，小麦的成穗数下降，从而导致产量降低。穗数对小麦的产量贡献最大。增加播量使小麦穗粒数和千粒重下降，但穗数增加，所以相同播期时，播量对小麦的产量没有显著影响。本试验中，以播期10月15日、播量262.5 kg·hm^-2产量最高。建议棉茬小麦适当早播，如果播期推迟，则应适量提高播量以保证产量。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the suitable sowing date and sowing density for wheat, with a split plot design, the effects of different sowing date and sowing density on the growth and development of population, yield components and yield of wheat were studied in south of Hebei Province. The experiment was designed with three sowing dates of October 15, October 25 and November 5, and four sowing density levels of 187.5 kg·hm^-2,225.0 kg·hm^-2,262.5 kg·hm^-2 and 300.0 kg·hm^-2. The results indicated that, the leaf area of wheat were decreased with the delay of sowing date in stem elongation period, and high(300.0 kg·hm^-2, October 25) or low(187.5 kg·hm^-2, November 5) sowing density reduced the leaf area of wheat at booting and anthesis periods, respectively.With the delay of sowing date, the biomass of wheat was decreased gradually, and with the growth of wheat, the effect of sowing date on biomass accumulation was decreased gradually.Late sowing can increase flag leaf chlorophyll content during grain filling stage and delay leaf senescence. The delay of sowing date decreased the stem numbers of wheat in stem elongation, anthesis and mature periods, respectively. The stem numbers of wheat was increased with the increase of sowing density. With the sowing date delayed, the spike number of wheat was decreased, resulting in the decrease of yield, and the spike number contributed the most to the yield of wheat. The increase of sowing rate decreased the kernel number per spike and the grain weight, but increased the number of spike, and sowing density did not significantly affect the yield of wheat. The most suitable sowing date was October 15 and sowing density was 262.5 kg·hm^-2, so that the sowing period of wheat should be as early as possible. If the sowing date was delayed, the sowing density is suggested to be increased.

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