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作者	单位
李青松，韩燕来，邓素君，李光辉，张中媛	（1.河南农业大学资源与环境学院，河南郑州 450002； 2.登封市农业农村工作委员会，河南郑州452470）

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中文摘要:

为明确当前黄淮海流域小麦-玉米轮作高产区施肥中存在的问题，于2016年对安阳、鹤壁、新乡和焦作4市（豫北平原典型小麦-玉米轮作粮食高产区）的小麦、玉米生产状况进行了问卷调查，并参照“3414”试验推荐施肥量进行节肥潜力分析。结果表明，该区域小麦和玉米的产量分别为8 352.75和9 063.60 kg·hm^-2 ；生产中小麦和玉米均存在不施用磷、钾肥的现象，施肥量与产量间不存在线性关系，即高施肥量未必对应高的产量；与推荐施肥量相比，小麦的节肥潜力为氮素40.6%～53.03%、磷素38.43%～44.94%、钾素－65.23%～－59.46%，玉米的节肥潜力为氮素31.47%～46.27%、磷素2.09%～ 12.17%、钾素－50.54%～－32.94%。说明这2种作物在生产中施肥状况均为氮多、磷少、钾不足，应当采取减氮、控磷、补钾的措施进行调节。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the current problems of fertilization in the high yield area of wheat and maize rotation in the Huang Huai Hai Basin, the article surveyed on wheat and maize production and fertilizer use in typical high-yield wheat-maize rotations areas in north Henan in Huang Huai River Basin: Anyang, Hebi, Xinxiang and Jiaozuo cities, and analyzed fertilizer saving potential refering to ‘3414’ experiment.The results showed that the yield of wheat and maize in the test area is 8 352.75 and 9 063.60 kg·hm^-2, respectively.No application of phosphorus (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O) is both existed in the production of wheat and maize; there is no linear relationship between fertilizer amount and crop yield. High fertilizer amount does not necessarily correspond to high yield.Compared with the recommended fertilizer amount, the fertilizer saving potential in wheat production is 40.6%-53.03% nitrogen, 38.43%-44.94% P₂O₅, －65.23%－59.46% K₂O; the fertilizer saving potential in maize production are similar to the data of wheat, and the fertilizer saving potential of nitrogen, P₂O₅ and K₂O is 31.47%-46.27%, 2.09%-12.17%, and －50.54%-－32.94%, respectively.It is indicated that overuse of nitrogen and P₂O₅ and insufficient use of K₂O are the current status of the fertilizer application in wheat and maize production in surveyed areas.Measures should be taken to adjust the fertilizer use amount by reducing nitrogen, controlling P₂O₅ and increasing K₂O.

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