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作者	单位
冯洁，许小宛，李小东，张传量，崔紫霞，冯毅，孙道杰	(1.西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100；2.汉中市汉台区农技中心，陕西汉中 723000)

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中文摘要:

为促进矮秆基因在小麦品种遗传改良中的应用，以131份黄淮麦区小麦品种和31份CIMMYT（国际玉米小麦改良中心）小麦材料为研究对象，用分子标记检测 Rht-B1a、 Rht-B1b、 Rht-D1a、 Rht-D1b和 Rht8等小麦矮秆基因，并结合赤霉素处理，分析了供试材料所含矮秆基因类型及其对株高和胚芽鞘长度的影响。结果表明，供试材料中，63份含有矮秆基因 Rht-B1b，66份含有矮秆基因 Rht-D1b，105份含有矮秆基因 Rht8，分别占供试材料的38.88%、40.74%和64.81%。黄淮麦区小麦品种大多数含有矮秆基因 Rht-D1b，CIMMYT小麦中大多数含有矮秆基因 Rht-B1b。赤霉素处理结果显示，供试小麦材料中，有52份对赤霉素敏感，占被检测材料的32.09%。该批材料中，矮秆基因 Rht-D1b和 Rht8的降秆效应最大， Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b的降秆效应分别是14.69%和17.74%，各基因组合的降秆效应表现为 Rht-D1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-B1b＞ Rht8。同时含有矮秆基因 Rht-B1b和 Rht-D1b的材料缩短胚芽鞘长度的效应最强，缩短效应为26.20%，缩短胚芽鞘长度的效应表现为 Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b + Rht8＞ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-D1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-B1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht8＞ Rht8。基于以上结果，矮秆基因 Rht8能够在降低小麦材料株高的同时不影响胚芽鞘长度，因此应重视其在矮化育种中的应用。

英文摘要:

To promote the application of dwarf genes in genetic improvement of wheat cultivars, 131 main cultivars from Huang-Huai River wheat area and 31 CIMMYT(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) wheat materials were tested with the molecular markers of Rht-B1a, Rht-B1b, Rht-D1a, Rht-D1b and Rht8, combined with the GA₃ treatments, and the types of dwarf genes and their effects on plant height and coleoptile length were analyzed. The results showed that 63 materials contain Rht-B1b gene; 66 materials contain Rht-D1b gene; and 105 materials contain Rht8 gene, accounting for 38.88%, 40.74% and 64.81%, respectively. Rht-B1b had been utilized with the higher percentage in the 31 CIMMYT wheat materials, while Rht-D1b had been utilized with the higher percentage in the main varieties Huang-Huai River wheat area. Tests on response to GA₃ of these materials revealed that 52 materials were sensitive to GA₃,accounting for 32.09%. Rht-D1b and Rht8 had the strongest effect on reducing plant height, and the effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b on reducing plant height were 14.69% and 17.74%, respectively. The height reducing capability of different dwarfing genes ranged as Rht-D1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-B1b＞ Rht8. Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b had the strongest effect on shortening coleoptile length, accounting for 26.20%.The coleoptile length shorting capability of different dwarfing genes ranged as Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht-D1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-D1b＞ Rht-D1b+ Rht8＞ Rht-B1b＞ Rht-B1b+ Rht8＞ Rht8. To summarize, the dwarfing gene Rht8 shorten the plant height largely and had no effect on the coleoptiles length. More attention should be given to its application of dwarfing breeding.

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