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作者	单位
梁玉超，张永强，石书兵，陈兴武，赛力汗·赛，薛丽华，雷钧杰	(1.新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 2.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830091)

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中文摘要:

为了研究施氮量对滴灌冬小麦茎部形态特征及其抗倒伏能力的影响，在2014-2015年冬小麦生长季，以新冬18号为试验材料，在大田滴灌条件下研究了300(N₁)、360(N₂)、420(N₃)和480(N₄)kg·hm^-2四个不同氮肥水平对冬小麦茎部形态特征、力学特征及抗倒伏性能的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，滴灌冬小麦的株高逐渐增高，重心高度升高，平均节间长度增长，单株鲜重增加，而基部节间直径减小，茎秆基部的机械强度及抗倒伏指数降低；随着生育进程的推进，冬小麦茎秆基部的机械强度及抗倒伏指数均呈降低的趋势。茎秆的机械强度和抗倒伏指数与株高、重心高度、单茎鲜重显著负相关，与基部节间直径呈显著正相关。N₂处理小麦倒伏率较低，产量最高，为6 315.76 kg·hm^-2，分别较N₁、N₃、N₄处理产量高4.72%、6.69%和13.59%。在本试验条件下，适当控制施氮量可以降低滴灌小麦倒伏率，增加产量。

英文摘要:

In order to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on stem morphology characteristics and lodging resistance in winter wheat with drip irrigation, the experiment was carried out in 2014-2015 growing season, with cultivar Xindong 18 as material under four N fertilizer levels, i.e. 300 kg·hm^-2(N₁), 360 kg·hm^-2(N₂), 420 kg·hm^-2(N₃) and 480 kg·hm^-2(N₄). The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate, the plant height and the height of gravity center were increased, and the internode length became longer, and the fresh weight per stem was gradually increased, while the diameter of basal stem tended to be decreased. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate, the stem strength and lodging index of winter wheat were decreased. Moreover, the basal stem strength and lodging index of winter wheat declined gradually with the growth process.Correlation analysis showed that the stem strength and lodging index have a significantly negative correlation with plant height, the height of gravity centre and the fresh weight per plant, but had a significantly positive correlation with the diameter of basal stem. The nitrogen fertilizer rate of 360 kg·hm^-2(N₂) gave the low lodging rate and highest yield, which was 4.72%, 6.69% and 13.59% higher than that of N₁, N₃ and N₄, respectively. The results showed that the appropriate rate of nitrogen application can reduce the lodging rate and increase grain yield of winter wheat with drip irrigation under the conditions of this experiment.

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