| 吴金芝，黄 明，李友军，付国占，田文仲.限水灌溉对极端晚播密植小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和水氮利用效率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2017,(10):1349 |
| 限水灌溉对极端晚播密植小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和水氮利用效率的影响 |
| Effect of Limited Irrigation on Grain Yield, Protein Content and Water-Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat under Extremely-late Sowing with High Density |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2017.10.11 |
| 中文关键词: 限水灌溉 冬小麦 籽粒产量 蛋白质含量 水分利用效率 氮素吸收效率 |
| 英文关键词:Limited irrigation Winter wheat Grain yield Protein content Water use efficiency Nitrogen uptake efficiency |
| 基金项目:河南省重点科技攻关项目( 102102110030)；河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目（13480070） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解极端晚播密植小麦的限水灌溉效果，2012年11月至2014年6月以弱春性小麦偃展4110和半冬性小麦矮抗58为材料，在华北地区典型水浇地进行晚播（11月中旬）密植（600万株·hm-2）试验，比较了常规灌溉（拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm）和限水灌溉（拔节期灌水60 mm）的小麦开花后氮素吸收转运分配、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量以及水氮利用效率。与常规灌溉相比，限水灌溉可促进极端晚播密植小麦开花前氮素在开花后向籽粒的转运量、转运效率及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率，显著提高氮素收获指数和籽粒蛋白质含量，但对开花后氮素积累量以及小麦氮素吸收效率、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响因生长季而异。与常规灌溉相比，限水灌溉下偏旱的2012-2013生长季开花后氮素积累量和氮素吸收效率降低，籽粒产量和水分利用效率无显著变化；偏湿润的2013-2014生长季开花后氮素积累量和氮素吸收效率维持稳定，籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别提高4.3%~5.3%和10.4%~13.3%。极端晚播密植栽培模式下，限水灌溉不仅可促进小麦营养器官氮素向籽粒的转运，提高小麦氮收获指数和籽粒蛋白质含量，还能在偏湿润的年份提高籽粒产量和水分利用效率。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To guide the practice for high yield, high quality and high efficiency in wheat under extremely-late sowing with high density, a two-year experiment with fixed plots of two treatments, including normal irrigation（120 mm, 60 mm at jointing and 60 mm at anthesis）and limited irrigation(only 60 mm at jointing), was conducted from Nov 2012 to June 2014, with two winter wheat cultivars(weak spring wheat Yanzhan 4110(YZ4110) and semi-winter wheat Aikang 58(AK58)) as materials. The nitrogen absorption, translocation, distribution in plant, and grain yield and protein content, and water-nitrogen use efficiency in wheat were compared to verify the effects of limited irrigation. Compared with normal irrigation, limited irrigation increased the pre-anthesis N translocation amount, translocation rate and its contribution rate from vegetative organs to grain, N harvest index and grain protein content in wheat under extremely-late sowing with high density, but the post-anthesis N accumulation amount, N uptake efficiency, grain yield and water use efficiency were different between the two growing seasons. In dry year of 2012-2013, limited irrigation was less favorable than normal irrigation to the post-anthesis N accumulation and N uptake efficiency, but it had no significant effects on grain yield and water use efficiency between the two treatments. In the wet year of 2013-2014, limited irrigation had the similar post-anthesis N accumulation amount and N uptake efficiency, compared with normal irrigation, while increased the grain yield by 4.3%-5.3% and water use efficiency by 10.4%-13.3%, respectively. These results indicated that limited irrigation is an excellent cropping pattern for wheat in north China Plain, because it can increase the N translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grain, nitrogen harvest index, grain protein content in the two growing seasons, as well as grain yield and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in wet year. |
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