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为了明确不同类型小黑麦产量形成的光合特性，以加工型品种东农8809、饲用型品种东农5305和粮饲兼用型品种东农96026为材料，采用随机区组试验，探讨了不同类型小黑麦主要生育阶段叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数、叶绿素相对含量以及产量的差异。结果表明，加工型品种东农8809生育后期PSⅡ最大光化学效率下降幅度大，非光化学系数高，光能消耗大，籽粒产量形成受到限制；饲用型品种东农5303扬花前光合能力较强，生物产量潜力高，花后非光化学淬灭系数增加量大，花后叶绿素相对含量迅速下降，叶片衰老快；粮饲兼用型品种东农96026净光合速率高，开花后叶绿素相对含量降幅小，叶片衰老慢，光化学淬灭系数高，PSⅡ电子传递活性大，成熟期最大荧光产量和最大光化学效率大及籽粒产量潜力高。说明不同类型小黑麦光合特性不同，花后较强的光合能力是籽粒产量高的基础；对于粮饲兼用型小黑麦来说，较小的热耗散释放比例及较高的花后光合能力是其以大穗实现较高籽粒产量的途径。

英文摘要:

In order to know the differences of photosynthetic characters and yield components among different types of triticale , with Dongnong 8809 (processing triticale), Dongnong 5305 (forage triticale) and Dongnong 96026 (grain feed triticale) as materials, experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with 3 replications, and Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic parameters and SPAD value of main grow stages of different types of Triticale were studied. The results showed that, the decrease amplitude of F_v/F_m value in Dongnong 8809 was bigger than that of the other two varieties, and q_Nof Dongnong 8809 was big, which caused a large photosynthesis consumption. Dongnong 5305 had a strong ability of photosynthesis before flowering. It was shown that Dongnong 5305 had high biological yield potential. Dongnong 5305 had great increase amount in q_Nvalue after flowering, and its chlorophyll relative content dropped rapidly after flowering, leading to rapid aging in leaves. Dongnong 96026 had a small drop in chlorophyll relative content after flowering, and F_m and F_v/F_m values were bigger than those of the other two varieties. It was shown that Dongnong 96026 had high grain yield potential. There was sharp distinction in photosynthetic characters among different types of triticale, and strong ability of photosynthesis after flowering is the basis for high grain yield.

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