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作者	单位
胡可欣，米俊珍，刘景辉，赵宝平，王忠祥，张兰英，崔雪梅	（1.内蒙古农业大学农学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010019； 2.中国农村技术开发中心，北京 100045）

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中文摘要:

为探讨生物降解渗水地膜覆盖对黄土高原旱作区穴播燕麦土壤酶活性及产量的影响，于2021年开展了普通地膜、渗水地膜、生物降解渗水地膜3种类型地膜覆盖穴播燕麦研究，以不覆膜为对照（CK），分析不同类型地膜覆盖对旱作燕麦田间水热效应、土壤酶活性及产量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，覆膜处理苗期地表土壤温度提高了0.04~4.98 ℃，显著(P＜0.05)提高了0~40 cm土层土壤含水量；生物降解渗水地膜显著提高苗期土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性以及成熟期蔗糖酶、脲酶活性，增幅11.03%~39.37%；在抽穗期，上述三种酶活性均达最大，生物降解渗水地膜覆盖处理0~20 cm土层土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性显著提高(增幅分别为0.82%和55.88%)。与CK相比，覆膜处理显著增加了燕麦籽粒产量和生物产量，总体表现为渗水地膜＞普通地膜＞生物降解渗水地膜＞不覆膜，生物降解渗水地膜与普通地膜间无显著差异；生物降解渗水地膜较普通地膜覆盖节约成本1 800元·hm^-2。综合考虑生态效益和经济效益，推荐在黄土高原旱作区应用生物降解渗水地膜穴播燕麦技术。

英文摘要:

To investigate the effects of biodegradable permeable mulching on soil enzyme activity and yield of cavity-sown oats in the arid crop area of the Loess Plateau, a study was conducted in 2021 on three types of mulch covering cavity-sown oats with common mulching, permeable mulching and biodegradable permeable mulching, with no mulching as the control(CK), to investigate the effects of different types of mulching on hydrothermal effects, soil enzyme activity and yield in arid crop oat fields. The results showed that the mulching treatment increased the surface soil temperature by 0.04-4.98 ℃ at oat seedling stage and significantly(P<0.05) increased the soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer compared with CK. Biodegradable permeable mulching significantly increased peroxidase and urease activities at seedling stage and sucrase and urease activities at maturity stage by 11.03% to 39.37%. At heading stage, all three enzyme activities reached their maximum, and the peroxidase and sucrase activities in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the biodegradable permeable mulching treatment were significantly highe(0.82%, 55.88%) compared to CK. Compared with no mulching, the mulching treatment significantly increased oat seed yield and biological yield, with an overall performance of permeable mulching＞common mulching＞biodegradable water permeable mulching＞no mulching, with no significant difference between biodegradable water permeable mulching and common mulching. The cost saving of biodegradable permeable mulching compared with common mulching was 1 800 yuan·hm^-2. Considering the ecological and economic benefits, we recommend the application of biodegradable permeable mulching film for cavity sown oats in the arid crop area of Loess Plateau.

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