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作者	单位
郭案铭，吴昆仑，姚晓华，姚有华	(1.青海大学农林科学院，青海西宁 810016 2.青海省农林科学院，青海西宁 810016； 3.青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/ 国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心, 青海西宁 810016； 4.青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室，青海西宁 810016)

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中文摘要:

为探讨青稞氮素吸收利用、根系发育及产量对氮素营养的响应规律，以青稞籽粒高产型品种昆仑15号为供试材料，通过2年大田试验，设置3个施氮水平（0、37.5和75 kg·hm^-2），探讨施氮对青稞氮素吸收利用率、根系形态、光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，青稞氮素吸收利用率随施氮水平的增加而显著提高，低氮和高氮处理（37.5和75 kg·hm^-2）的氮素农学效率和氮素偏生产力较不施氮处理均显著增加；两施氮处理的根干重在分蘖、开花和成熟期较不施氮处理均呈增加趋势，根长表现为在分蘖期显著增加、在开花期显著降低、在成熟期呈增加趋势，根表面积、根体积、根尖数和根直径在低氮处理下与不施氮处理差异均不显著，但在高氮处理下呈降低趋势；籽粒产量和秸秆产量的较不施氮处理均随着施氮量的增加而显著增加；净光合速率随施氮量的增加而增加，低氮处理下气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率均显著高于其他处理。通过隶属函数分析法综合评价，得出最佳施氮量为37.5 kg·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the response of hulless barley nitrogen uptake and utilization, root development and yield to nitrogen nutrition, three nitrogen application levels (0, 37.5 and 75 kg·hm^-2) were set up in a two-year field experiment to explore the effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen uptake and utilization, root morphology, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of hulless barley, with the seedy and high-yielding variety Kunlun 15 as the test material. The results showed that the nitrogen uptake and utilization of barley increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application level, and the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen bioproductivity of low and high nitrogen treatments increased significantly compared with that of no nitrogen treatment; in terms of root morphology, the root dry weight of the two nitrogen treatments increased at tillering, flowering and maturity compared with that of no nitrogen treatment, while root length increased significantly at tillering, decreased significantly at flowering, and increased at maturity, and root surface area, root volume, and root length increased significantly at tillering, flowering and maturity. Root surface area, root volume, root tip number and root diameter did not differ significantly from the no-N treatment under the low-N treatment, but showed a decreasing trend under the high-N treatment; in terms of yield, seed and straw yields showed a significant increase in both N treatments compared to the no-N treatment, and increased significantly with the increase in N application; in terms of photosynthetic characteristics, the net photosynthetic rate increased with the increase in N application, and stomatal conductance under the low-N treatment, Net photosynthetic rate increased with the increase of N application, and stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate were significantly higher in the low N treatment than in the other treatments; the optimum N application rate was 37.5 kg·hm^-2, which was further evaluated comprehensively by combining the above indexes through the affiliation function analysis.

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