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作者	单位
易军，符慧娟，李星月，李其勇，张鸿??	（1.四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室，四川成都 610066；2.四川省农业科学院，四川成都 610066）

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中文摘要:

为探究拌种药剂减量下增施不同类型肥料对麦田蚜虫和白粉病防控及光合和产量的影响，以小麦蚜虫低感品种川麦104和高感品种内麦836为试验材料，采用大田试验，对种衣剂减量20%下，配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥或磷酸二氢钾后麦田土壤酶活性、小麦植株光合特性、病虫防治情况和产量性状的变化进行了比较分析。结果表明，拌种药剂减量20%条件下增施微生物菌剂较种衣剂常规用量处理能显著提高孕穗期川麦104的根际土壤的脲酶活性，以及内麦836的根际土壤过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性。在孕穗期和抽穗期，低感品种川麦104的麦蚜数量均显著低于内麦836；增施微生物菌剂和硅肥均能显著降低麦蚜和白粉病发生，对蚜虫防效和白粉病防效较常规药剂拌种用量处理分别提高8.0和10.2个百分点。拌种药剂减量20%配合施用光合菌剂、微生物菌剂、硅肥和磷酸二氢钾均能有效提高小麦旗叶氮素含量和SPAD值，改善叶片光合效率。增施硅肥下川麦104和内麦836的产量最高，较常规种衣剂用量处理分别增加16.0%和18.2%，差异均显著。以上结果说明，小麦种子种衣剂减量配合施用硅肥或微生物菌剂可有效提高麦田土壤酶活性，减少蚜虫和白粉病发生，改善小麦叶片光合特性，提高产量。

英文摘要:

To explore the effects of increasing different types of bacterial agents fertilizers on wheat aphids and, powdery mildew, photosynthetic characteristiss and yield under the reduction of seed coating agents, the wheat aphid low-susceptible variety Chuanmai 104 and high-susceptible variety Neimai 836 were used as experimental materials. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of photosynthetic bacteria, microbial agents, silicon fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate on soil enzyme activity, plant photosynthetic characteristics, wheat disease and pest control, and yield traits in wheat fields under 20% reduction of seed coating agents. The results showed that compared with the conventional dosage of seed coating agent, the application of microbial agents after reducing the dosage of seed coating agent by 20% significantly increased the urease activity of Chuanmai 104, and the catalase and cellulase activities of Neimai 836 in the rhizosphere soil at booting stage. At booting and heading stages, the number of wheat aphids in the low-susceptible cultivar Chuanmai 104 was significantly lower than that in Neimai 836. The application of microbial agent and silicon fertilizer significantly reduced the occurrence of wheat aphid and powdery mildew, and the control effect of aphid and powdery mildew was 8.0 and 10.2 percentage points higher than that of conventional agent. The combination of photosynthetic bacteria, microbial agents, silicon fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and other agronomic measures effectively increased the nitrogen content and SPAD value of wheat flag leaves to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. Among them, the yield of Chuanmai 104 and Neimai 836 under the application of silicon fertilizer was the highest and significantly increased by 16.0% and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the conventional seed coating agent treatment. The above results showed that the amount of seed coating agent can be reduced by applying silicon fertilizer or microbial agent after wheat seed coating. In addition, it can also effectively improve soil enzyme activity, reduce the occurrence of aphids and powdery mildew, improve leaf photosynthetic characteristics, and increase wheat yield.

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