| 邵 云，杨俊华，刘 玘，王鹏飞，王 岚.豫北两熟区不同夏播作物对后茬冬小麦中后期群体微环境及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2024,(4):485 |
| 豫北两熟区不同夏播作物对后茬冬小麦中后期群体微环境及产量的影响 |
| Effect of Different Summer Previous Crops on Microenvironment of Field and Yield of Winter Wheat during Mid-to-Late Period in Double Planting Areas of Northern Henan Province |
| |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 豫北地区 一年两熟制 冬小麦 前茬作物 产量 群体生长 |
| 英文关键词:Northern Henan province Double planting Winter wheat Preceding crop Yield Population growth |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2016YFD0300203-3） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 99 |
| 全文下载次数: 48 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同夏播作物前茬对后茬冬小麦生长和产量的影响,在河南省新乡市获嘉县开展田间二因素试验，设置两个不同施肥水平（常规施肥和不施氮肥）和三种夏播作物前茬（玉米、大豆和花生）,分析小麦拔节期至成熟期叶面积指数（LAI）、叶夹角（LA）、光合有效辐射（PAR）、叶片叶绿素含量（SPAD）、叶绿素荧光（Fv/Fm），以及土壤含水量（SWC）、土壤温度（Ts）和土壤呼吸速率（Rs）变化，并在成熟期测定小麦产量及其构成因素。结果表明，与常规施肥（CK）相比，不施氮肥条件下不同前茬的小麦LA略增，而LAI、IPAR、SPAD、Fv/Fm、SWC、Ts和Rs均有所降低。不施氮肥条件下，花生前茬的小麦LAI、IPAR、SPAD、Fv/Fm、SWC、Ts和Rs均显著低于其他两种前茬（P＜0.05），其中花生、大豆和玉米前茬的SWC较CK的降幅分别为13.56%、13.39%和10.77%。与CK相比，不施氮肥条件下，花生前茬的小麦LA较CK的增幅在3种前茬中居中，小麦株型较为紧凑，有利于改善植株下层光合辐射，为群体生长创造良好的光合和土壤条件，其产量较玉米和大豆前茬分别高20.0%和21.9%；玉米前茬的整体表现不如大豆和花生前茬，但其和花生前茬的小麦千粒重和群体数均较高，因而产量居中；大豆前茬的小麦结实小穗数和干物质量较高，但其小麦千粒重较低，最终籽粒产量也较低。综合来看，在两熟种植模式中，选用花生作为冬小麦的前茬作物是豫北地区一年两熟区作物配置的一种较优选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide some theoretical support for the crop-collocation, a field experiment was conducted in Huojia County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province to investigate the effects of different summer previous crops on the growth and yield of winter wheat. A two-factor design was adopted in the experiment, with different fertilization levels as one factor, including conventional fertilizer application level (CK) and no nitrogen fertilizer level, and different previous crops as the other factor: maize, soybean and groundnut. In the wheat season, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle (LA), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), as well as soil water content (SWC), soil temperature (Ts) and soil respiration rate (Rs) were measured from the jointing stage to the maturity stage. Meanwhile, wheat yield and yield components were measured at the maturity stage. For the comparison between two nitrogen application levels, the results showed that LA of wheat with three previous crops at no nitrogen fertilizer level all increased slightly , but LAI, IPAR, SPAD, Fv/Fm, SWC, Ts and Rs were all decreased. For the comparison among three previous crops, at no nitrogen fertilizer level, the LAI, IPAR, SPAD, Fv/Fm, SWC, Ts and Rs of wheat with the groundnut as the previous crop were the lowest one, and the difference between the other two previous crops treatments reached to the significant level (P<0.05). Among them, the SWC of groundnut as previous crop treatment decreased the most (13.56%), followed by those of the soybean (13.39%) and the maize (10.77%). Besides, the increase of wheat LA in groundnut stubble treatment was moderate among the three pre-stubble treatments. Meanwhile, this wheat plant was more compact, which increasing the light efficiency and having better photosynthetic conditions and soil conditions for population growth. The wheat grain yield of ground nut previous stubble was higher than that of the maize previeus and soybeen previeus by 20.0% and 21.9% respectively. The soybean and groundnut previous stubble treatments were better than maize previous stubble treatment on the whole, but maize and groundnut previous stubble treatments could significantly increase the 1 000-grain weight of wheat, and maize previous stubble treatment had greater population. Therefore, Wheat yield of maize previous stubble was in the middle of the three previous stubble treatments. Although the soybean previous stubble treatment significantly improved the number of spikelets and biomass of wheat, the lower 1 000-grain weight of wheat resulted in lower grain yield. To sum up, among the three double cropping modes of maize-wheat, soybean-wheat and groundnut-wheat, the groundnut may be a better option for winter wheat as the previous crop in crop-collocation in northern Henan province. |
|
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|
基本信息
