| In order to explore the effects of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer application strategies on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat following rice, a field experiment was conducted with the wheat varieties Yangmai 16 and Yangmai 20 as materials. Seven nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up, including zero nitrogen(T1), split application of normal available nitrogen fertilizer(T2, control), one-time basal application of normal controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer(T3), split application of available nitrogen fertilizer reduction(T4), one-time basal application of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer reduction(T5), controlled-released nitrogen plus available nitrogen once application(T6), controlled-released nitrogen plus available nitrogen stage application(T7). The wheat yield, leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll relative value(SPAD value), dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and root activity were measured. The results showed that the the yield under the treatments for both the two varieties ranked as T6>T7>T3>T5>T2>T4>T1. Compared with T2, the average yield of the two varieties was increased by 17.9%, 30.3%, and 25.1% under T3, T6, and T7 treatments; the nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AE) was increased by 40.0%, 84.8%, and 72.4%, and the N partial factor productivity(PFP) was increased by 22.2%, 52.3%, and 45.6%, respectively. Compared with the single application of available nitrogen fertilizer(T2, T4) or controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer(T3, T5), the agronomic characteristics(dry matter accumulation, LAI and SPAD value) of the two varieties were significantly improved under the combined application of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer plus available nitrogen fertilizer(T6, T7). Nitrogen accumulation, root dry weight, root-shoot ratio, root oxidation activity, root total absorbing surface area and active absorbing surface area were significantly increased. Therefore, the strategy of controlled-released nitrogen fertilizer plus available nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the growth of shoots and roots simultaneously, ultimately resulting in higher yield and greater N uptake and utilization efficiency of wheat after rice stubble. |
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