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作者	单位
王文政，李亚静，张敏，毕经鑫，杨敏，郭振清，蔡瑞国	（河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室，河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院，河北昌黎 066600）

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中文摘要:

为探究冀东地区强筋小麦适宜施氮量，以强筋小麦石优20号和中麦998为材料，通过大田试验设置0 kg·hm^-2(N₀)、180 kg·hm^-2(N₁₈₀)、210 kg·hm^-2(N₂₄₀)和240 kg·hm^-2(N₂₄₀) 4个施氮水平，分析了施氮量对强筋小麦光合、产量、蛋白质含量和加工品质的影响。结果表明，与N₀处理相比，施氮后石优20号和中麦998的产量均在N₂₄₀处理下增加显著，增幅分别为3.20%和13.95%。随施氮量的增加，小麦旗叶叶绿素含量和光合参数均呈先升后降趋势，且在花后15 d达到最大值。施氮对F_v/F_m影响较小，对^Φ_PSⅡ影响较明显。旗叶、籽粒内硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶均随施氮量的增加呈先升后降趋势。增施氮肥后籽粒蛋白组分中清蛋白、球蛋白比例下降，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白比例上升，各组分含量在N₂₄₀处理下均最高。面筋含量、沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间均随施氮量的增加先升后降。这说明增施氮肥可改善強筋小麦植株的光合特性，进而提高产量，同时增加植株体内氮代谢相关酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量并改变蛋白质组分所占比例，有效改善加工品质。本试验条件下，210 kg·hm^-2施氮量下，小麦产量和品质较优，该施氮量可作为冀东平原强筋小麦栽培的最佳施氮量。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the optimal nitrogen (N) application level of strong gluten wheat in Eastern Hebei Plain, four N application rates including 0 kg·hm^-2 (N₀), 180 kg·hm^-2 (N₁₈₀), 210 kg·hm^-2 (N₂₄₀), and 240 kg·hm^-2 (N₂₄₀)were set up, and strong gluten wheat varieties of Shiyou 20 and Zhongmai 998 were used as materials. The effects of N application rate on photosynthesis, yield, protein content, and processing quality of strong gluten wheat were analyzed. The results showed that compared with N₀ treatment, the yield of Shiyou 20 and Zhongmai 998 was increased by 3.20% and 13.95% under N₂₄₀ treatment, respectively. With the increase of N application rate, the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameters of wheat flag leaves increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 15 days after anthesis, indicating that appropriate N application can promote photosynthesis. N application had no significant effect on F_v/F_m, but had significant effect on Φ_PSⅡ. The active substance in flag leaf and grain increased first and then decreased with the increased N application rate. The contents of albumin and globulin decreased, while the contents of gliadin and gluten increased. The contents of each protein component were the highest under N₂₄₀ treatment, indicating that N metabolism was closely related to N application. Gluten content, sedimentation value, dough development time, and stability time increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. The photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of plants were increased by enhancing N fertilizer level, and thus wheat yield was increased. Meanwhile, N application increased the content of related active substances and grain protein, and changed the proportion of protein components, which effectively improved the processing quality. The yield, protein content and processing quality under N₂₄₀ treatment were better. Therefore, the optimal N application rate for strong gluten wheat cultivation in Eastern Hebei Plain was 210 kg·hm^-2.

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