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作者	单位
徐晴，郑丹，许甫超，秦丹丹，董建辉，葛双桃，朱展望，董静	（1.湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室，湖北武汉430064；2.湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，湖北武汉 430064； 3.湖北省农业科学院，湖北武汉 430064）

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中文摘要:

赤霉病是由禾谷镰刀菌引起的小麦穗部病害，严重危害小麦生产，抗赤霉病品种选育是减轻其危害的重要途径之一。本研究以湖北省不同时期审定的59个小麦品种和选育的7份优异品系为材料，采用喷雾接种对其进行田间赤霉病抗性鉴定，并利用抗性基因Fhb1功能性分子标记和主效抗性基因（Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5和QFhs.crc 2DL）连锁分子标记对供试材料进行检测，分析其遗传分布和利用状况；同时分析湖北小麦品种（系）赤霉病抗性、株高和小穗密度等性状年代间的差异。结果表明，16份供试材料赤霉病抗性水平达到中抗，占比24.2%，以810619品系抗性最好，病情指数略低于苏麦3号；42份材料达到中感，占63.6%。分子检测结果显示，仅鄂T45048携带Fhb1；鄂麦11、鄂麦18和810619等29份材料（43.9%）可能携带Fhb5和QFhs.crc 2DL单个或2个抗性基因，说明这2个抗性基因在湖北小麦赤霉病抗性育种中得到了较多应用。赤霉病抗性与株高的相关性分析结果显示，近15年湖北小麦品种株高持续降低，但其与赤霉病抗性无显著相关。研究结果为明确湖北小麦品种赤霉病抗性水平和分子遗传基础提供了参考。

英文摘要:

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious spike disease caused by Fusarium graminearum in wheat, seriously affecting the production of wheat. The application of resistant cultivar is one of the crucial ways to relieve the damage of the disease. In this study, 59 wheat cultivars and 7 elite breeding lines were used to investigate the FHB resistance in field by spray inoculation, and the major resistance genes and gene loci, such as Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, Fhb5 and QFhs.crc 2DL were detected by functional or closely linked markers. Besides, the differences of FHB resistance and plant height between the wheat varieties released in 2008 or earlier and the varieties released in 2009 or later were compared. The results showed that 16 wheat materials were identified as moderate resistance, which accounted for 24.2%. Specifically, the line 810619 showed the lowest disease index among all the evaluated lines, and was only a little bit higher than the resistance control variety of Sumai 3. Therefore the line 810619 can be considered as an elite new source for FHB breeding. Moreover, 42 materials were identified as moderate susceptibility to FHB, which counted for 63.6% of the total examined materials. Molecular marker analysis showed that only T45048 contained the Fhb1 resistance gene, whereas 29 wheat materials such as E’mai 11, E’mai 18, and 810619 contained individual or both of the two resistance loci Fhb5 and QFhs.crc 2DL, suggesting that these two loci were more frequently used in the Fhb resistance breeding program in Hubei Province. Correlation analysis between the FHB disease index and plant height of the tested wheat lines from different years showed that even though the plant height continuously decreased upon the time, the FHB severity was not increasing significantly. No significant correlation was observed between the FHB severity and plant height in the wheat varieties since 2009. This study provides new insights for understanding the FHB resistance and molecular basis of the cultivars bred in Hubei Province.

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