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作者	单位
秦志列，梁玉龙，刘丽华，李宏博，张风廷，娄鸿耀，李翰霖，赵昌平，张胜全	（1.北京市农林科学院杂交小麦研究所, 北京100097 2.山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030801）

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中文摘要:

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果，在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系（常规小麦）为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明，BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%（国际法），平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%，二者差异不显著，说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间，BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%，与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%，改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本，表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间，表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间，与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间，表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照，其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照，说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少，而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此，建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选，并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良，有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量，为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

英文摘要:

In order to understand fertility restoration of photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS) lines BS366 and BS1086 in wheat, and to evaluate the effect of artificial directional improvement on the ability of fertility restoring, the seed setting rate of the first generation of wheat hybrids with 55 restorer lines of directional improvement and 33 restorer lines of un-directional improvement(common variety of wheat) as male parents were analyzed in the sterile ecological wheat region. The results show that the seed setting rates of BS366 and BS1086 hybrids were 15.42%-140.34% and 20.28%-119.07%, respectively, and the average seed setting rates were 73.02% and 72.21%, respectively; There was no significant difference in average seed setting rate, indicating that no difference in fertility recovery between BS366 and BS1086. The seed setting rate ranged from 40% to 110% for BS366 hybrids and from 60% to 100% for BS1086 hybrids, respectively, indicating that the seed setting rate of BS1086 hybrids was more concentrated. The average seed setting rate of BS366 and BS1086 hybrids with improved male parent as 84.45% and 78.97%, respectively, and that of BS366 and BS1086 hybrids with non-improved male parent was 53.97% and 60.95%. The above results showed that the average ability of fertility restoring of the improved male parent was higher than that of the non-improved male parent, and the directional improvement was beneficial to the improvement of the ability of fertility restoring. The difference of seed setting rate between female parent and the same male parent was -42.66%-61.93%. There were 61.82% hybrids with different seed setting rate of female parent and the same improved male parent between -10% and 20%, and there were 51.52% hybrids with different seed setting rate between female parent and the same non-improved male parent mainly between -30% and 0%, indicating that there was difference in the fertility restoring ability of the same male parent to the different female parent, and the difference of fertility restoring ability of the same improved male parent to different female parent was smaller than that of the non-improved male parent. The seed setting rate of the hybrids with BS366 and 14 male parents, BS1086 and seven male parents was higher than that of the control. Among them, the seed setting rate of the hybrids of the two female parents and three male parents(14YH261, 14YH551, SD036) were higher than that of the control, indicating that the available fertility restoring ability of the male parent is not only very few, but also had great difference in the fertility restoring ability to the different female parents. The average seed setting rate of main stem panicle of wheat hybrid was significantly higher than that of tiller panicle. Finally, it is suggested that the selection of restorer lines with strong restoring ability should be individually carried out for the different female parent firstly, and then directional improvement can be carried out by using the selected restorer lines as parents, so as to effectively increase the number of the combinations with seed setting rate reaching the control level in hybrids, and laid a foundation for obtaining more strong heterosis combinations.

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