| 李浩杰，闫素辉，张士雅，雍玉东，张培文，李文阳.氮密互作对小麦籽粒淀粉粒分布与糊化特性的效应[J].麦类作物学报,2024,(3):378 |
| 氮密互作对小麦籽粒淀粉粒分布与糊化特性的效应 |
| Effect of Nitrogen-Density Interaction on Starch Granule Size Distribution and Pasting Properties of Wheat Grains |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 氮密互作 粒度分布 黏度参数 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Nitrogen-density interaction Particle size distribution Viscosity parameters |
| 基金项目:安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089)；安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(小麦)；安徽自然科学基金项目(1408085MC48) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解氮密互作对小麦籽粒淀粉粒分布与糊化特性的调控效应，以小麦品种淮麦44为材料，设置3个施氮水平 (120、180和240 kg·hm-2)和3个种植密度（180万、240万和300万株·hm-2），分析不同氮密处理间小麦籽粒淀粉粒度分布特征和黏度参数的差异。结果表明，随着施氮水平的提高，小麦籽粒B型（粒径≤10 μm）淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈下降趋势，A型（粒径>10 μm）淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈上升趋势；随着种植密度的增加，小麦籽粒B型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈先增后降趋势，A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈先降后增趋势。B型淀粉粒中，施氮水平和种植密度对2.8~10 μm淀粉粒组的影响更大；A型淀粉粒中，施氮水平和种植密度对淀粉粒组粒径>22 μm的影响更大。施氮水平和种植密度对淀粉粒数目百分比无显著影响。小麦淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度和最终黏度等黏度参数指标随着施氮水平的提高均显著增加，随着种植密度的增大均显著降低。施氮和增密提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量及产量。由此可见，小麦施氮和增密主要通过增大A型淀粉粒比例和降低B型淀粉粒比例，影响胚乳淀粉粒度分布；施氮增加了淀粉黏度参数，增密降低了淀粉黏度参数，进而提高了小麦籽粒产量和加工品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the regulation effect of nitrogen-density interaction on starch granule size distribution and pasting properties of wheat grains, the wheat variety Huaimai 44 was used as the material, and three nitrogen application levels (120, 180 and 240 kg·hm-2) and three planting density levels (1.8 million, 2.4 million and 3 million plants·hm-2) were conducted to analyze the differences in starch granule size distribution characteristics and viscosity parameters of wheat grains between different nitrogen-density treatments. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen level, the volume and surface area percentage of B-type (particle size≤10 μm) starch granules in wheat grains decreased, while the volume and surface area percentage of A-type (particle size>10 μm) starch granules increased. With the increase of density level, the volume and surface area percentage of B-type starch granules in wheat grains increased first and then decreased, while the volume and surface area percentage of A-type starch granules decreased first and then increased. In B-type starch granules, nitrogen and density had a greater impact on the starch granule group with the diameter ranging from 2.8 to 10 μm; among the A-type starch granules, nitrogen and density had a greater effect on the starch granule group with the diameter more than 22 μm. Nitrogen and planting density had no significant effect on the percentage of starch granules. The peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity of wheat starch increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application level, but decreased significantly with the increase of planting density. Nitrogen application and densification increased wheat grain protein content, wet gluten content, and yield. In conclusion， nitrogen application and densification of wheat mainly affected the size distribution of endosperm starch by increasing the proportion of A-type starch granules and reducing the proportion of B-type starch granules. Nitrogen application could increased the starch viscosity parameters, and densification could reduced the starch viscosity parameters, thereby the wheat grain yield and processing quality were improved. |
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