| In order to investigate the response of yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of wheat varieties with different quality type to nitrogen fertilizer in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the strong gluten variety Zhengmai 9023, medium gluten variety Emai 596, and weak gluten variety Yangmai 13 were selected as test materials, and four nitrogen application levels were set up at 0, 60, 180 and 360 kg·hm-2, respectively. The results showed that, with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the grain yield of Zhengmai 9023, Emai 596, and Yangmai 13 was increased significantly, by 34.8%-152.0%, 30.8%-160.5% and 34.6%-137.3%, respectively, compared with that under the treatment without nitrogen application, which was related to the increase in the number of grains per spike increased by nitrogen fertilizer. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the dry matter accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages of wheat, and significantly promoted the transport of dry matter stored in vegetative organs before anthesis into grain. With the increase of nitrogen application, the grain nitrogen accumulation of the three wheat cultivars increased significantly, but the partial productivity of N decreased significantly. Compared with the varieties, the average yield of Emai 596 was 14.0% and 21.8% higher than that of Zhengmai 9023 and Yangmai 13, respectively, mainly due to its higher spike number, 1 000 grain weight and total dry matter accumulation at anthesis and maturity. As for nitrogen uptake, the pre-anthesis nitrogen transport and transport rate, partial productivity of N and agronomic efficiency of N of Emai 596 were higher than those of the other two wheat varieties, but the post-anthesis nitrogen uptake and recovery efficiency of N were lower. This indicates that the effects of nitrogen application on yield formation, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution, as well as nitrogen utilization efficiency of different quality types of wheat are basically consistent, but the degree of impact varies. |
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