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作者	单位
赵永萍，何瑞，袁俊秀，马瑞，倪胜利	（1.定西市农业技术推广站，甘肃定西 743000；2.甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所，甘肃兰州 730070；3.甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所，甘肃兰州 730070 ）

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中文摘要:

适当降低株高，增强品种抗旱性，提高品种丰产性是甘肃旱地冬小麦育种新策略。为了明确近20年甘肃冬小麦品种(系)中矮秆基因的分布以及株高变化情况，本研究利用6个主要矮秆基因的特异性分子标记对92份冬小麦品种(系)进行基因型检测，并对矮秆基因的利用情况进行分析。结果表明，供试品种(系)中均含有Rht-D1b基因，其次是Rht8、Rht13和Rht5(分布频率分别为59.8%、29.3%和10.9%)，但并未检测到Rht-B1b和Rht12。Rht5和Rht13基因主要分布在陇南(天水市和陇南市)的山旱地品种（系）中，频率分别为16.7%和36.7%，Rht8主要分布在陇南川区品种（系）中，频率为77.4%。同时含有2个矮秆基因的材料有39份，分布频率为42.4%，其中Rht-D1b+Rht8的分布频率最高(33.7%)；同时含有3个矮秆基因的材料有25份，分布频率为27.2%，其中Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht13的分布频率最高(19.6%)；同时含有4个矮秆基因Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8+Rht13的材料只有1份，分布频率为1.1%。含多矮秆基因组合的品种（系）在陇南川区的分布频率最高。结合表型鉴定，陇南山旱地、川区和陇东(平凉市和庆阳市)区域推广应用品种(系)的平均株高分别是96.8、80.9和98.9 cm，变异范围分别在80.5~111.0、60.0~105.0和80.0~115.0 cm。对不同年份育成的冬小麦品种(系)株高分析发现，自2000年至2022年陇南山旱地、陇南川区和陇东区域推广应用品种(系)的株高分别下降了16.9%、15.2%和6.7%。不同矮秆基因组合在品种(系)中的降秆效应由强到弱依次为Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8(20.5%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8+Rht13(20.3%)>Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht13 (15.0%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht13(14.8%)>Rht-D1b+Rht8 (10.1%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5(6.4%)>Rht-D1b+Rht13(1.1%)。多样化的矮秆基因在甘肃冬小麦育种中得到应用，说明近年来旱地冬小麦育种在适当降低株高、防止倒伏、提高品种丰产性方面有了新的进展，为进一步适当降低甘肃冬小麦品种株高的同时保持生产品种的抗旱性奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

Reducing plant height appropriately, enhancing drought stress resistance of varieties, and improving variety yield are new strategies for winter wheat breeding in arid areas of Gansu. In order to understand the distribution of dwarf genes of winter wheat varieties(lines) in Gansu in the past 20 years, and the changes of plant height of winter wheat varieties(lines) in breeding, we used the molecular markers of six dwarf genes to detect 92 winter wheat varieties（lines）, which were bred in the past 20 years. The results showed that Rht-D1b gene is contained in all test materials, Rht8, Rht13, and Rht5, with the distribution frequency of 59.8%, 29.3% and 10.9%, respectively, while the Rht-B1b and Rht12 were not detected in all varieties(lines). Rht8 was mainly distributed in the valley area of southeastern Gansu region, with a frequency of 77.4%, while Rht5 and Rht13 were distributed in mountain arid land of southeastern Gansu(Tianshui City and Longnan City), with a frequency of 16.7% and 36.7%, respectively. There were 39 materials containing two dwarf genes with the distribution frequency of 42.4%, and the distribution frequency of Rht-D1b+Rht8 was the highest (33.7%). There were 25 materials containing three dwarf genes with the distribution frequency of 27.2%, and the distribution frequency of Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht13 was the highest (19.6%). There was only one material containing four dwarf genes, Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8+Rht13, with a distribution frequency of 1.1%. The distribution frequency of varieties with multiple dwarf gene combinations was the highest in valley area of southeastern Gansu. Combined with phenotypic identification, the average plant height of the winter wheat varieties (lines) in the mountain arid area of southeastern Gansu, valley area of southeastern Gansu, and eastern Gansu (Pingliang City and Qingyang City), were 96.8 cm, 80.9 cm, and 98.9 cm, respectively, and the variation range is 80.5-111.0 cm, 60.0-105.0 cm, and 80.0-115.0 cm, respectively. According to the analysis of plant height in different years, the plant height of varieties (lines) in mountain arid area of southeastern Gansu, valley area of southeastern Gansu, and eastern Gansu was decreased by 16.9%, 15.2% and 6.7% during 2000-2022, respectively. The reduction effect of different dwarf gene combinations in varieties was Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8 (20.5%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht8+Rht13 (20.3%) >Rht-D1b+Rht8+Rht13 (15.0%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5+Rht13 (14.8%)>Rht-D1b+Rht8 (10.1%)>Rht-D1b+Rht5 (6.4%)>Rht-D1b+Rht13 (1.1%). The application of diversified dwarf genes for winter wheat breeding in Gansu indicates that there has been new progress in appropriately reducing plant height, preventing lodging, and improving variety yield in arid winter wheat breeding. This study provides the foundation for further appropriately reducing plant height of winter wheat varieties in Gansu, and maintaining drought stress resistance in the wheat production.

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