| 马 玲，汪军成，李鹏程，张 宏，姚立蓉，司二静，杨 轲，孟亚雄，马小乐，李葆春，尚勋武，王化俊.2004-2022年甘肃省审定小麦品种情况分析与展望[J].麦类作物学报,2024,(2):268 |
| 2004-2022年甘肃省审定小麦品种情况分析与展望 |
| Analysis and Prospect of the Approved Wheat Varieties in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2022 |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 甘肃省 小麦 审定品种 |
| 英文关键词:Gansu Province Wheat Variety approval |
| 基金项目:2023年甘肃省级重点人才项目；甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-12)；甘肃省农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-2)；甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1604NKCA052-2)；国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-05-04B-2)；国家自然科学基金项目(31860377)；甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才计划(Ganfx-03Y06)；甘肃省优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2023CXZX-682)；甘肃省科技重大专项(17ZD2NA016) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了给甘肃省高产优质小麦新品种的选育提供参考依据，对以甘肃省2004-2022年审定的284个小麦品种的基本情况和抗条锈病性进行了分析，并统计了生育期、株高和产量水平。结果表明，甘肃省近19年审定的小麦品种数量呈现波动上升趋势，育种单位主力为省内科研院所，联合育种呈现波动上升趋势，表明科研工作者对小麦品种选育具有较高的积极性；通过高使用频率直接亲本统计分析，发现甘肃省审定的小麦品种亲本配置组合主要来自主栽品种和人工创制的种质资源，并发现5个高使用频率直接亲本，表明近19年甘肃省审定品种遗传基础较窄；育成品种主要采用的育种方式为杂交育种，且育种方式趋于单一，表明今后要加强创新育种方式；审定的小麦品种以冬小麦为主，其中80.2%集中在陇东泾河上游川塬山地冬小麦区和陇南渭河上游河谷山地冬小麦区，而审定的春小麦97.9%则集中在河西内陆河灌溉春小麦区和陇中干旱川山春小麦区；小麦抗病性方面，审定品种对条锈病的抗性水平相对较好，但年际间波动较大；春小麦生育期年平均增加0.15 d，而冬小麦生育期年平均减少0.46 d；株高年平均降低1.10 cm，平均产量呈逐年上升趋势，年均增长47.25 kg·hm-2，其中2012年产量最高，为8 136.2 kg·hm-2；千粒重、穗粒数和有效穗数均呈现逐渐上升趋势，但穗粒数变化不大，年均增加0.08粒，千粒重年均增加2.71 g，有效穗数年平均增加1.29个。综上，在后续的育种工作中，可结合不同育种方式，更进一步选育出高产、优质和高抗的小麦新品种。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to provide a reference basis for the breeding of new wheat varieties with high yield and quality in Gansu Province, 284 wheat varieties approved in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2022 were used as materials to analyze the features of approved varieties and their stripe rust resistance, the main agronomic traits of growth period, plant height and yield level. The results showed that the number of wheat varieties approved in Gansu Province in recent 19 years showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the main breeding institutes were scientific research institutes in Gansu Province, and the combined breeding showed a fluctuating upward trend, indicating that Gansu Province had a good enthusiasm for wheat breeding. By statistical analysis of direct parents with high use frequency, it was found that the parent combinations of wheat varieties approved in Gansu Province were mainly from the main cultivars, local varieties, breeding lines, and improved varieties with artificial germplasm resources, and five direct parents with high use frequency were found, indicating that the genetic basis of varieties approved in Gansu Province in recent 19 years was narrow. The main breeding method of the cultivated varieties is cross-breeding, and the breeding method tends to be unitary, which indicates that the modern biological breeding technology should be combined in the future to innovate the breeding method. The main wheat varieties were winter wheat, of which 80.2% were concentrated in the upland winter wheat area in the upper reaches of Jinghe River in eastern Gansu Province and the upland winter wheat area in the upper reaches of Weihe River in eastern Gansu Province, and 97.9% of the spring wheat varieties approved were concentrated in the upland and irrigated spring wheat area in Hexi inland river and the arid Chuanshan spring wheat area in mid-area of Gansu Province. In terms of wheat disease resistance, the resistance level of wheat varieties to stripe rust was relatively good, but it fluctuated greatly between years. The average annual growth period of spring wheat increased by 0.15 days, while the average annual growth period of winter wheat decreased by 0.46 days. The average annual plant height decreased by 1.10 cm, and the average yield increased year by year, with an average annual increase rate of 47.25 kg·hm-2. The highest yield was 8 136.2 kg·hm-2 in 2012. The 1 000-grain weight, the number of grains per spike, and the number of effective panicle showed a gradual upward trend, an average annual increase of 2.71 g for 1 000-grain weight, and an average increase of 1.29 effective panicle in several years. Yet the number of grains per spike did not change much, with an average annual increase of 0.08 grains. In conclusion, in the subsequent breeding work, different breeding methods can be combined to further select and breed new wheat varieties with high yield, high quality and high resistance. |
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