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作者	单位	地址
周文银	安徽科技学院	安徽省滁州市凤阳县府城镇东华路九号安徽科技学院
李文阳
李浩杰
张士雅
雍玉东
刘阳
肖龙飞
郑成岩
闫素辉^*	安徽科技学院	安徽省滁州市凤阳县府城镇东华路九号安徽科技学院

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中文摘要:

为明确追氮量和种植密度对弱筋小麦淀粉品质与产量的影响,设4个追氮水平(37.8、43.2、48.6和54kg·hm-2,即N1、N2、N3、N4)和3个密度水平(180、240和300万株·hm-2,即D1、D2、D3),研究不同追氮量和种植密度对小麦淀粉粒度分布、糊化特性、蛋白质组分、籽粒酶活及产量的影响。结果表明:追氮量为0~54kg·hm-2时,降低追氮量,小麦籽粒B型(≤10 μm)淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈先升后降趋势,A型(>10μm)淀粉粒体积百分比、表面积百分比呈先降后升趋势。减施追氮量后小麦湿面筋、蛋白质含量、沉降值、清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量整体呈上升趋势。小麦SS酶活、ADGPase酶活、籽粒产量及淀粉峰值黏度、最终黏度等黏度参数均呈先升后降趋势,以N3水平下的SS酶活、ADGPase酶、籽粒产量及峰值黏度等黏度参数最高。种植密度为180~300万株·hm-2时,增加种植密度,B型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈上升的趋势,A型淀粉粒体积、表面积百分比呈下降的趋势。小麦淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度等黏度参数指标随密度增加而增加。增加种植密度后清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白呈先降后升的趋势,各蛋白组分含量在D3水平下最高。增密降低了湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量和沉降值,但增加了籽粒淀粉含量、SS酶活、ADGPase酶活,进而促进籽粒产量提升。SS和ADGPase酶活性B型淀粉粒体积、表面积、淀粉含量、产量呈极显著正相关。这说明,适宜的追氮量和种植密度主要通过增加B型淀粉粒表面积和数量分布的占比,降低A型淀粉粒体积分布占比,影响其淀粉粒度分布,提高淀粉淀粉黏度参数及加工品质；同时又提高小麦籽粒SS酶活和ADGPase酶活,促进淀粉含量增加来提高籽粒产量。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen topdressing amount and planting density on starch quality and yield of weak gluten wheat, four nitrogen topdressing levels (37.8, 43.2, 48.6 and 54 kg·hm-2, namely N1, N2, N3 and N4) and three density levels (1.80, 2.4 and 3 million plants·hm-2, namely D1, D2 and D3) were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen topdressing amount and planting density on starch particle size distribution, gelatinization characteristics, protein components, grain enzyme activity and yield of wheat. The results showed that when the amount of nitrogen topdressing was 0~54 kg·hm-2, reducing the amount of nitrogen topdressing, the volume and surface area percentage of B-type (≤10μm) starch granules in wheat grains increased first and then decreased, and the volume percentage and surface area percentage of A-type (>10μm) starch granules decreased first and then increased. After reducing the amount of topdressing nitrogen, the wet gluten, protein content, sedimentation value, albumin, globulin, glutenin, and gliadin content of wheat showed a downward trend, and the starch content showed an overall upward trend. The viscosity parameters such as SS enzyme activity, ADGPase enzyme activity, grain yield, starch peak viscosity and final viscosity of wheat increased first and then decreased, and the viscosity parameters such as SS enzyme activity, ADGPase enzyme, grain yield and peak viscosity at N3 level were the highest. When the planting density was 1.8~3 million plants·hm-2, with the increase of planting density, the volume and surface area percentage of type B starch granules showed an upward trend, and the volume and surface area percentage of type A starch granules showed a downward trend.After increasing the planting density, albumin, globulin, glutenin, and gliadin showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the content of each protein component was the highest at the D3 level. The viscosity parameters such as peak viscosity, trough viscosity and final viscosity of wheat starch increased with the increase of density. Densification reduced wet gluten content, protein content and sedimentation value, but increased grain starch content, SS enzyme activity and ADGPase enzyme activity, thereby promoting grain yield. There was a significant positive correlation between SS and ADGPase activity B-type starch granule volume, surface area, starch content and yield. This shows that the appropriate nitrogen topdressing amount and planting density mainly increase the proportion of surface area and quantity distribution of B-type starch granules, reduce the proportion of volume distribution of A-type starch granules, affect the starch particle size distribution, and improve the starch viscosity parameters and processing quality. At the same time, it also increased the SS enzyme activity and ADGPase enzyme activity of wheat grains, and promoted the increase of starch content to increase grain yield.

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