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作者	单位
陈同睿，王蕾，王寒冬，尤恩，邓超，边海燕，沈裕虎，徐金青	(1.中国科学院高原适应与进化重点实验室/青海省作物分子育种重点实验室/青藏高原作物种质资源研究与利用实验室，中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，青海西宁 810008； 2.中国科学院大学生命科学学院，北京 100049；3.中国科学院种子创新研究院，青海西宁 810008)

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中文摘要:

近年来，青稞（Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Hook. f.）育种速度逐步加快，青稞品种的类别和数量日渐增多，形成了丰富的青稞品种资源。然而,在青稞资源的大量引种和品种资源交换过程中，造成了同名异物、同物异名的现象，因而建立高效、准确的青稞品种鉴定技术体系和数据系统迫在眉睫。为基于青稞品种基本信息实现青稞品种的快速和准确鉴定,本研究利用简化基因组（GBS）测序获得的青稞基因组高通量SNP基因分型数据，对314份青稞种质资源进行群体结构分析;根据SNP注释结果，筛选获得位于外显子区的SNP并计算其杂合率和遗传多态性指数;用Genstat的去冗余（IRREDUNDANT）指令通过顺序算法（sequential algorithm）获得能够区分参试青稞种质资源的核心SNP位点组合,并构建DNA指纹图谱，结合参试材料地理来源等基本信息构建青稞品种的分子身份证。结果表明，群体遗传结构分析可将314份参试青稞材料划分为3个类群，类群划分与其材料类型密切相关。从4 954个位于外显子区域的高质量SNP位点中筛选出14个多态性高且能完全区分青稞种质资源的SNP位点,称其为核心SNP；由14个核心SNP组成青稞种质资源DNA指纹图谱，同时结合种质资源地理来源等的基本信息进行数字编码，最终构建了每份青稞品种资源由17位数字组成的具有唯一标识的分子身份证，并生成相应的条形码和二维码。本研究构建的青稞种质资源DNA指纹图谱和分子身份证，可为青稞品种真实性和纯度鉴定、种质管理及知识产权保护等提供参考。

英文摘要:

Recently, the breeding speed of naked barley(Hordeum vulgare var. nudum Hook. f) has been gradually accelerated, the types and quantity of the naked barley varieties have increased, and naked barley variety resource has been enriched. However, in the process of large number of introduction and variety resource exchange of naked barley resources, the phenomenon of homonymous foreign bodies and homonymous synonyms has been caused, and thus it is urgent to establish an efficient and accurate naked barley variety identification technology system and data system. The purpose of this study is to construct DNA fingerprints and molecular identity cards of naked barley germplasm resources using SNP markers based on basic information of naked barley varieties, thereby achieving rapid and accurate identification of naked barley varieties. The 314 naked barley accessions were genotyped by the genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS), and analyzed by the population structure analysis. According to the results of SNP annotation, SNPs located in the exon region were screened, and the heterozygosity rate and polymorphism information content(PIC) were calculated. We used the IRREDUNDANT directive in the software package GenStat with the sequential algorithm to completely distinguish naked barley germplasm resources, and the combination of core SNPs that could distinguish the naked barley germplasms were screened and the DNA fingerprint was constructed. The molecular ID of the naked barley varieties was constructed by combining the basic information such as geographical origin of the tested materials. Population structure analysis revealed that the 314 barley accessions were divided into three groups, which was closely related to its origin. Finally, 14 SNPs with high polymorphism which completely distinguished naked barley germplasm resources were obtained from 4 954 SNPs to form the core SNP, and the DNA fingerprint of the naked barley varieties consisting of 14 core SNPs were constructed. Meanwhile, the basic information such as geographical distribution and resources for each variety was encoded into specific number strings to produce molecular identity cards with unique identification of 17 digits for each naked barley variety resource, and corresponding bar codes and two-dimensional codes were generated. The DNA fingerprint and molecular ID card of naked barley germplasm resources constructed in this article provide data reference and available markers for the authenticity and purity identification of naked barley varieties, germplasm management, and intellectual property protection.

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