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| 不同施肥措施对小麦籽粒淀粉结构和理化特性的调控效应 |
| Regulation Effect of Different Fertilization Measures on Starch Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Grain |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-21 修订日期：2024-08-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 监控施肥 淀粉组分 粒度分布 糊化特性 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Monitored fertilization Starch component Particle size distribution Pasting properties |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了明确不同施肥措施对冬小麦籽粒淀粉结构和理化特性的影响。以小麦品种为洛旱6号为材料,设置主处理为农户施肥(FM)和监控施肥(OM),副处理为单施化肥(CK)、配施有机肥(+M)和增施生物炭(+B),分析不同施肥措施下冬小麦籽粒淀粉结构和理化特征的差异。结果表明,监控施肥,配施有机肥处理都显著增加了总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量和直支比,而配施生物炭处理影响则不显著。监控施肥处理和配施有机肥处理减少了小麦B型(粒径≤10 μm)淀粉粒的体积和表面积百分比,增加了A型(粒径>10 μm)淀粉粒的体积和表面积百分比,而配施生物炭处理对其影响不显著；不同施肥措施对2.8~10 μm淀粉粒组和10~22 μm淀粉粒组的影响较大。监控施肥方式显著增加了淀粉黏度参数,配施有机肥处理的淀粉黏度参数都显著高于单施化肥处理,生物炭的施用对小麦淀粉黏度参数的影响较小。相关分析表明,淀粉粒体积分布与淀粉糊化指标之间的相关性不显著；总淀粉含量与低谷黏度呈显著正相关；直链淀粉含量与低谷黏度和稀懈值之间呈极显著正相关；支链淀粉含量与糊化时间之间呈显著正相关。监控施肥在较农户施肥减氮对产量以及其构成因素和收获指数均无显著差异。监控施肥方式和配施有机肥改变了小麦淀粉组分、粒度分布和糊化特性。小麦淀粉结构与糊化特性有明显相关性,表明监控施肥和配施有机肥和生物炭不仅稳定小麦产量,而且配施有机肥通过改变淀粉结构影响了其理化特性,提高了小麦淀粉品质,可以在渭北旱地冬小麦生产实践中推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization measures on starch fractions and physicochemical properties of winter wheat grain. The wheat variety Luodian 6 was used as the material, and the main treatments were farmer fertilization (FM) and monitored fertilization (OM), and the sub treatments as single application of chemical fertilizer (CK), organic fertilizer (+M) and biochar (+B), to analyze the differences in starch fractions and physicochemical characteristics of winter wheat grain under different fertilization measures. The results showed that the monitored fertilization and organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the total starch content, amylose content and amylose/amylopectin, while the effect of biochar treatment was not significant. The monitored fertilization treatment and increased application of organic fertilizer treatment decreased the volume and surface area percentage of wheat B-type (grain size ≤10 μm) starch grains and increased the volume and surface area percentage of A-type (grain size >10 μm) starch grains, whereas increased application of biochar treatment had a non-significant effect; the effects of the different fertilization practices were greater in the 2.8-10 μm starch grains group and the 10-22 μm starch grains group. Monitored fertilization methods significantly increased the starch viscosity parameters, and the starch viscosity parameters of all the treatments with organic fertilizers were significantly higher than those of the chemical fertilizers alone, while the application of biochar had less effect on the starch viscosity parameters of wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the correlation between starch grain volume distribution and pasting parameters was not significant. The total starch content was significantly correlated with trough viscosity; the amylose content was significantly correlated with trough viscosity and breakdown; and amylopectin content was significantly correlated with pasting time. The monitored fertilization did not show significant differences in the effect of nitrogen reduction on yield as well as its components and harvest indexes when compared to the farmer"s fertilization. The monitored fertilization and the application of organic fertilizers dosing altered wheat starch fractions, particle size distribution and pasting properties. There was a significant correlation between wheat starch structure and pasting properties, indicating that monitored fertilization and organic fertilizer and biochar application not only stabilized wheat yield, but also improved wheat starch quality by changing the starch structure and affecting its physicochemical characteristics, which can be promoted and applied in the production practice of winter wheat in drylands of north China. |
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