欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

为推进旱区盐渍土的治理和适应性种植,采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了粉煤灰(T1)、生物炭(T2)、普通有机肥(T3)、糠醛渣(T4)、蚯蚓粪(T5)、腐殖酸(T6)六种改良剂单施以及以单施的1/2用量进行的粉煤灰+有机肥(T7)、粉煤灰+糠醛渣(T8)、生物炭+糠醛渣(T9)、蚯蚓粪+腐殖酸(T10)四种配施对土壤盐渍化特性和燕麦盐分积累的调控效应。结果表明:和不施改良剂的对照T0相比,施用改良剂后,各处理土壤的Na+、HCO3-、Cl-和SO42-含量均呈降低趋势,T1~T10较T0分别降低了37.18%~67.83%、35.25%~78.10%、45.16%~69.51%和6.60%~13.94%；K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量均呈增加趋势；改良剂对各离子含量调控的综合结果,使T1~T10的全盐含量较T0降低了8.41%~15.97%,钠吸附比(SAR)降低了41.94%~69.70%；施用改良剂后土壤的pH亦呈降低趋势,除T1、T2因其自身的碱性导致降低效果不显著之外,T3~T10较T0降低了5.09%~8.61%。对Na+、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-含量、全盐含量及SAR、pH的降低程度均呈现配施≥单施的趋势,其中T7的降低效果位居前列。施用改良剂提高了燕麦地上部分的含盐量和盐分积累量,和T0相比,除T6之外的各处理含盐量增加了12.75%~31.44%,T1~T10的盐分积累量增加了14.92%~34.64%,且盐分积累量亦呈现配施大于单施的趋势。施用改良剂加速了耕层土壤的脱盐,T1~T10的脱盐率是T0的5~9倍,T7的脱盐率较T1~T5提高了39.29%~72.08%。综上,供试改良剂的单施及四种配施均具有降低试区盐渍土耕层土壤的盐度和碱化度的作用,且提升了燕麦的生物排盐效果；以粉煤灰与普通有机肥配施对耕层土壤盐渍化程度的降低效果最好。

英文摘要:

In order to promote the management and adaptive planting of saline-alkali soil in arid areas, a single factor randomized block design was used to study the effects of different kinds of amendments on soil salinization characteristics and salt accumulation of oat. Amendments kinds included control (no amendment: T0), six single application treatments and four combined application treatments. The single treatments were fly ash (T1), biochar (T2), common organic fertilizer (T3), furfural residue (T4), vermicompost (T5) and humic acid (T6). The combined treatments were fly ash + organic fertilizer (T7), fly ash + furfural residue (T8), biochar + furfural residue (T9), vermicompost + humic acid (T10), and the dosage of each component in combined application was half of that in single application. The results showed that amendment application resulted in a decreasing trend of the content of Na+, HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-, with T1~T10 decreased by 37.18%~67.83%, 35.25%~78.10%, 45.16%~69.51% and 6.60%~13.94% respectively compared with T0; In the meanwhile, the content of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ showed an increasing trend. The comprehensive results of the amendment regulation on each ion content resulted in total salt content and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of T1~T10 decreased by 8.41% ~15.97% and 41.94% ~ 69.70% respectively compared with T0. pH of topsoil also showed a decreasing trend after the application of amendments, and T3~T10 significantly decreased by 5.09%~8.61% compared with T0, except that T1 and T2 had no significant decreasing effect due to their own alkalinity. The reduction of Na+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, total salt, SAR and pH in combined treatments was great than or equal to that of single treatments, and the reduction effect of T7 came out at the top. Amendment application promoted salt content and salt accumulation in the above ground part of oat. Compared with T0, salt content of all application treatments except T6 increased by 12.75%~31.44%, and salt accumulation of T1-T10 increased by 14.92%-34.64%. In addition, salt accumulation of combined treatments was higher than that of single treatments. Amendment application speeded up the desalination of topsoil, the desalting rate of T1-T10 was 5~9 times that of T0, and the desalting rate of T7 was 39.29%~72.08% higher than that of T1-T5. In summary, the single application and four kinds of combined application of the tested amendments have the effect of reducing the salinity and alkalinization of the topsoil in the tested area, and promote the biological salt removal effect of oat. The combined application of fly ash and common organic fertilizer has the best effect on reducing soil salinization.

查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭