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| 种植密度对宽幅播种小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的影响 |
| Effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and transport in flag leaves of wheat after anthesis under wide sowing conditions |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-13 修订日期：2024-07-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 宽幅播种 种植密度 光合特性 干物质积累与转运 |
| 英文关键词:winter wheat Wide sowing Plant density Photosynthetic characteristics Dry matter accumulation and translocation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(32172114, 31601243), 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)和泰山学者工程专项(202211094)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确种植密度对宽幅播种小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的影响,以济麦22为材料,设置4种种植密度,分别为90×104株.hm-2(M1)、180×104株.hm-2(M2)、270×104株.hm-2(M3)、360×104株.hm-2(M4),比较分析了不同种植密度下小麦开花后旗叶光合特性和干物质积累与转运的差异。结果表明,与M1、M4处理相比,M2处理显著提高了灌浆中后期旗叶叶绿素相对含量、最大光化学效率、实际光化学效率、光化学猝灭系数,有利于进行光合作用,增加光合物质生产；M2处理灌浆中后期旗叶蔗糖含量和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性显著高于M1、M4处理,有利于光合产物向籽粒的转运；M2处理开花期和成熟期干物质积累量显著高于M1、M3和M4处理,为获得高产奠定了基础；M2处理显著提高了开花后干物质在籽粒中的分配量,有利于粒重的形成；M2处理获得了最高的成熟期籽粒干物质积累量。由此可见,适宜的种植密度能够提高开花后旗叶光合特性,促进开花后干物质在籽粒中的积累,有利于获得高产,本试验条件下宽幅播种小麦以种植密度为180×104株.hm-2最优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and transport in flag leaves of wide-sown wheat after anthesis, four planting densities were set, using Jimai 22 as the material. They were 90×104.hm-2 (M1), 180×104.hm-2 (M2), 270×104.hm-2 (M3) and 360×104.hm-2 (M4), respectively. The photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport of flag leaves after anthesis were compared and analyzed under different planting density. The results showed that compared with M1 and M4 treatments, M2 treatment significantly improved the relative content of chlorophyll, maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photochemical efficiency and photochemical quenching coefficient of flag leaves in the middle and later grain-filling stages, which was conducive to photosynthesis and increased the production of photosynthetic substances. Sucrose content and sucrose phosphate synthase activity of flag leaves under M2 treatment were significantly higher than those under M1 and M4 treatment, which was conducive to the transport of photosynthetic products to grains. The accumulation of dry matter at anthesis and maturity of M2 treatment was significantly higher than that of M1, M3 and M4 treatment, which laid a foundation for high yield. M2 treatment significantly increased the distribution of dry matter in seeds after anthesis, which was conducive to the formation of grain weight. The highest grain dry matter accumulation at maturity was obtained by M2 treatment. In conclusion, suitable planting density can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves after anthesis and promote the accumulation of dry matter in seeds after anthesis, which is conducive to obtaining high yield. In this experiment, the planting density of 180×104 plants.hm-2 was the best for wide-sowing wheat. |
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