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为了明确土壤细菌群落对小麦产量的影响，以河南省济源市冬小麦种植户田块为研究对象，通过采集扬花期麦田土壤样品，利用Illumina高通量测序技术测定细菌16S rRNA V3+V4区序列，分析冬小麦不同产量水平土壤的细菌群落差异。结果表明，高产组土壤铵态氮含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05)，土壤有机质含量、速效钾含量、有效磷含量、硝态氮含量、pH值在组间均无显著差异，土壤酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性在组间也均无显著差异。酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是土壤细菌群落的主导菌门。门水平上，小麦产量与芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes)、装甲菌门(Armatimonadetes)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、Latescibacteria、Dadabacteria相对丰度显著相关。属水平上，Bryobacter、黄杆菌属(Flavisolibacter)、芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)、丰佑菌属(Opitutus)、黏液杆菌属(Mucilaginibacter)、Dongia、Chryseolinea、Pantoea、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)、多囊菌属(Polyangium)、Chitinophaga相对丰度与小麦产量显著相关。高产组和低产组间土壤细菌OTU数量、Chao1指数以及香农指数均无显著差异，β-多样性差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过偏最小二乘路径模型分析，细菌物种丰度(属水平)和土壤理化性质对小麦产量有显著直接正向影响，土壤酶活性对小麦产量有显著直接负向影响(P<0.05)。综上芽单胞菌门、装甲菌门、纤维杆菌门以及Bryobacter、黄杆菌属、芽单胞菌属、黏液杆菌属、丰佑菌属的相对丰度对小麦产量有显著正向影响。土壤细菌物种丰度对小麦产量影响显著。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the influence of soil bacterial community on wheat yield, soil samples were collected at flowering stage of winter wheat from farmers' fields in Jiyuan City of Henan Province. Bacterial 16S rRNA V3+V4 sequences were determined by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to study the differences of soil bacterial communities at different yield levels of winter wheat. The results showed that: soil ammonium nitrogen content in high yield group was significantly higher than that in low yield group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in soil organic matter content, available potassium content, available phosphorus content, nitrate nitrogen content and pH value, and no significant difference in soil acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, urease activity and catalase activity between high yield and low yield groups. Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum in the soil bacterial community. At the phylum level, wheat yield was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes,Armatimonadetes,Fibrobacteres,Latescibacteria, and Dadabacteria. At the genus level, wheat yield was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Bryobacter,Flavisolibacter,Gemmatimonas,Opitutus,Mucilaginibacter,Dongia,Chryseolinea,Pantoea,Thauera,Polyangium and Chitinophaga. No significant difference was observed between high yield and low yield groups in the soil bacterial OTUs, Chao1 index and Shannon index, but highly significant difference was shown in β-diversity (P<0.01).Partial least squares path model showed that bacterial species abundance(genus level) and soil physicochemical properties had significant direct positive effects on wheat yield , and enzyme activities had a significant direct negative effect on wheat yield.Conclusively, this study found that the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes,Armatimonadetes,Fibrobacteres and Bryobacter,Flavisolibacter,Gemmatimonas,Mucilaginibacter,and Opitutus had significant positive effects on wheat yield.Soil bacterial species abundance had a significant effect on wheat yield.

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