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作者	单位	地址
刘雨杭	< sup> 四川农业大学小麦研究所< /sup>	四川省成都市温江区
赵书宏
祝婷婷
梁振宇
樊高琼
杨洪坤
黄秀兰
贺靖舒
黄林
伍碧华^*	< sup> 西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室< /sup>	四川省成都市温江公平大道区惠民路211号

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中文摘要:

为探究新型赤霉素抑制剂二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦植株抗倒伏能力和产量的影响,2021-2022和2022-2023两个生长季,选用小麦品种“蜀麦133”作为试验材料,设置250万株/公顷(B1)、300万株/公顷(B2)、350万株/公顷(B3)、400万株/公顷(B4)四个种植密度,于拔节期分别喷施清水(CK0),多效唑+甲哌鎓混合药剂(CK1)、100 mg/L二氢赤霉素(C2)、200 mg/L二氢赤霉素(C3),研究二氢赤霉素对不同种植密度下小麦株高和重心高度、茎秆节间形态,木质素代谢和产量等影响。结果表明,二氢赤霉素能显著缩短小麦基部节间长度,降低株高和重心高度,200 mg/L二氢赤霉素处理对株高、重心高度、节间长度、直径、壁厚等性状的影响最大,各密度下C3处理与CK0相比,平均株高和重心高度降低了5.78%和8.95%；基部第二节间长度缩短了28.37%；直径、壁厚、茎秆充实度分别增加了11.32%、5.89%、52.57%；与CK1相比,株高、重心高和第二节间长降低了0.03%、1.72%、13.87%；直径、壁厚和茎秆充实度提高了4.48%、4.32%、18.96%。在B4密度下,200 mg/L二氢赤霉素对茎秆抗折力、茎秆木质素含量、PAL、TAL、4CL、CAD酶活性的提升最大,C3处理与CK0相比,茎秆抗折力、木质素含量、PAL、TAL、4CL、CAD酶活性分别增加了51.16%、16.44%、18.42%、42.60%、27.50%、51.70%;与CK1相比分别提高了9.44%、7.24%、1.52%、8.74%、3.32%、5.41%。两年试验结果均以300万株/公顷的种植密度下平均产量最高,产量最高的组合为300万株/公顷+200mg/L二氢赤霉素,较同密度CK0增产6.91%,较250万株/公顷+清水增产12.69%。综上所述,200mg/L二氢赤霉素能有效增加茎秆强度和木质素积累,提高抗倒伏能力,在300万株/公顷密度下配施200mg/L二氢赤霉素可以实现抗倒能力和产量的协同增长。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the effect of the 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ on lodging resistance and yield of wheat plants under different planting densities, in the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons, the wheat variety ₆^plants.ha_-1^{(B1), 3×10}₆^plants.ha_-1^{(B2), 3.5×10}₆^plants.ha_-1^{(B3), and 4×10}₆^plants.ha_-1^{(B4) were set up}. And clean water (CK0) , paclobutrazole + mepiquate-chloride mixture (CK1), 100 mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ (C2) and 200 mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ (C3) were sprayed at the jointing stage, aiming to study the effects of 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ on wheat plant height and center of gravity height, stem internode morphology, lignin metabolism and yield at different planting densities. The results showed that 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ could significantly shorten the internodal length at the base of wheat, reduce plant height and center of gravity height, and 200 mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ treatment had the greatest effect on plant height, center of gravity height, internode length, diameter, wall thickness and other traits, and the average plant height and center of gravity height of C3 treatment were reduced by 5.78% and 8.95% compared with CK0 at each density. The length of the second internode at the base was shortened by 28.37%; The diameter, wall thickness and stem fullness increased by 11.32%, 5.89% and 52.57%, respectively. Compared with CK1, the plant height, center of gravity height and second internode length were reduced by 0.03%, 1.72% and 13.87%. The diameter, wall thickness and stem fullness increased by 4.48%, 4.32% and 18.96%. At high density, 200 mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ increased stem flexural capacity, stem lignin content, PAL, TAL, 4CL and CAD enzyme activities the most. Compared with CK0, the flexural capacity, lignin content, PAL, TAL, 4CL and CAD enzyme activities of stem increased by 51.16%, 16.44%, 18.42%, 42.60%, 27.50% and 51.70%, respectively. Compared with CK1, it increased by 9.44%, 7.24%, 1.52%, 8.74%, 3.32% and 5.41%, respectively. The average yield of 3×10₆^plants.ha_^-1 was the highest in the two years of experiments, and the combination with the highest yield was 3×10₆^plants.ha_-1^{+200mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A}₅, which increased the yield by 6.91% compared with CK0 of the same density and 12.69% compared with 2.5×10₆^plants.ha_^-1 + water. In summary, 200mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ can effectively increase stem strength and lignin accumulation, improve lodging resistance, and 200mg/L 16,17-Dihydro Gibberellin A₅ at a density of 3×10₆^plants.ha_^-1 can achieve a coordinated increase in lodging resistance and yield.

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