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作者	单位
左宏旭，雷琼，刘叩晗，王欣桐，王保通	（1.西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100；2.杨凌职业技术学院生物工程分院，陕西杨凌 712100）

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中文摘要:

为明确陕西省小麦不同部位镰刀菌种群结构及其毒素化学型，于2022年小麦灌浆期分别从陕西省渭南市、宝鸡市、咸阳市、西安市采集小麦穗部、茎秆以及茎基部具有明显病状的样品，采用单孢分离法获得镰刀菌菌株，并使用分子生物学鉴定其种群结构及毒素化学型。结果表明，从采集的样本中共分离到156株镰刀菌菌株，其中发生在穗部的赤霉病以及发生在茎秆的秆腐病的优势病原菌均为禾谷镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum），主要以15-ADON化学型为主；发生在茎基部的茎基腐病的优势病原菌为假禾谷镰刀菌（F.pseudograminearum），其15-ADON和3-ADON化学型占比差异不大；未检测到NIV毒素化学型的镰刀菌。以上结果说明，小麦不同部位对镰刀菌毒素化学型可能不存在选择性，小麦茎基部与穗部和茎秆的镰刀菌毒素化学型不同，原因可能是由优势病原菌不同造成的。

英文摘要:

In order to clarify the population structure of Fusarium species and their toxin chemotypes at different parts of wheat in Shaanxi Province, Fusarium strains were isolated from spikes, stalks and stem bases of wheat with obvious disease symptoms collected from Weinan, Baoji, Xianyang and Xian cities of Shaanxi Province during the wheat grain filling period in 2022, using a single spore isolation method, and their population structure and toxin chemotypes were identified. The results showed that a total of 156 Fusarium strains were isolated from the collected samples, among which Fusarium graminearum was the dominant pathogen occurred in the spike and stalk, with the mycotoxin chemotype being 15-ADON. The dominant pathogen occurring at the base of the stem was Fusarium pseudograminearum, with little difference in the proportion of 15-ADON and 3-ADON. Mycotoxin chemotype NIV of Fusarium was not detected. The above results indicate that different parts of wheat may not have selectivity for the mycotoxin chemotypes. The chemotype at the base of the stem was different from those in ear and stalk, which might be caused by different dominant pathogens.

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