欢迎访问《麦类作物学报》编辑部网站

作者	单位
张乾，赵德明，朱有虎，李亚珍，马菊花，马建涛，常磊，杨永，胡亮亮，王龙龙，张钰泽，黄彩霞	（1.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院，甘肃兰州730070； 2.甘肃省工程咨询中心有限公司，甘肃兰州 730070；3.宁夏广源和顺水利咨询有限公司，宁夏银川 750000； 4.甘肃农业大学农学院，甘肃兰州 730070）

摘要点击次数: 130

全文下载次数: 137

中文摘要:

为探明秸秆带状覆盖对西北半干旱雨养农业区冬小麦土壤温度和产量的影响，以露地不覆盖为对照（CK），设置秸秆带状覆盖4行（SM₁）、秸秆带状覆盖5行（SM₂）、黑膜覆盖（PM₁）和白膜覆盖（PM₂）共5个处理，利用大田试验研究了不同覆盖处理冬小麦土壤温度及产量相关指标的异同。结果表明，与CK相比，秸秆覆盖处理（SM₁、SM₂）显著降低了冬小麦全生育期0~25 cm土层温度，返青期和灌浆期降温幅度最大，平均降温2.0 ℃；越冬期降温幅度最小，平均降温0.1 ℃；上层土壤(0~10 cm)的降温幅度大于下层土壤(15~25 cm)，SM₁降温效应大于SM₂。地膜覆盖在不同生育时期存在增温和降温的双重效应，成熟期增温幅度最大，较CK增加2.4 ℃；灌浆期5 cm土层降温幅度最大，降低1.8 ℃；无论增温还是降温，PM₁效应均高于PM₂。覆盖处理一天中，表层土壤温度以中午14:00变化最大，晚19:00次之，早7:00变化最小，且中午14:00均表现为降温效应；秸秆覆盖降温效应(4.9 ℃)大于地膜覆盖(0.8 ℃)。覆盖降低土壤有效积温，地膜覆盖有效积温显著高于秸秆覆盖。秸秆覆盖平均增产9.6%，SM₂增产率高于SM₁；地膜覆盖显著增产（20.8%），PM₂增产率高于PM₁。产量三要素中，穗粒数受温度影响最大，与各生育时期0~25 cm土层土壤温度、阶段土壤有效积温均呈显著或极显著正相关。综合考虑土壤温度、土壤有效积温、产量、千粒重和穗数等，SM₂处理更有利于旱地冬小麦产量的形成。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of straw strip mulching on soil temperature and yield of winter wheat in the semi-arid rain-fed agricultural area of northwest of China, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of straw strip mulching on soil temperature and yield of winter wheat, with no mulching(CK) as control. There were 5 treatments: 4 rows of straw strip mulching(SM₁), 5 rows of straw strip mulching(SM₂), black film mulching(PM₁), and white film mulching(PM₂).The results showed that compared with CK, straw mulching treatment(SM₁, SM₂) significantly reduced the temperature of 0-25 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of winter wheat. The range of temperature decrease was the greatest at the regreening stage and filling stage, with an average temperature drop of 2.0℃, and the lowest at the overwintering stage, with an average temperature drop of 0.1℃.The cooling range of the upper soil (0-10 cm) was greater than that of the lower soil (15-25 cm), and the cooling effect of SM₁ was greater than that of SM₂.Mulching showed double effects of increasing temperature and decreasing temperature at different growth stages. The increasing temperature at maturity stage was the largest, with an increase of 2.4 ℃ compared with CK, and the decreasing temperature of 5 cm soil layer at grouting stage was the largest, with a decrease of 1.8 ℃. The changing amplitude of PM₁ was greater than PM₂.Under mulching treatment, the surface soil temperature showed greatest changes at 14:00, followed by 19:00 in the evening, and showed the least at 7:00 am. The cooling effect of straw mulching (4.9 ℃) was greater than that of mulching film (0.8 ℃).Mulching reduced soil effective accumulated temperature, mulching with plastic film showing significantly higher effect than straw mulching. The yield increase of straw mulching was 9.6% on average, ranking as SM₂ > SM₁, while that of film mulching was 20.8%, ranking as PM₂ > PM₁.Among the three yield components, the number of grains per ear was most affected by temperature, which had significant positive correlation with soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer and soil effective accumulated temperature at different stages. Considering soil temperature, soil effective accumulated temperature, yield, 1 000-grain weight, and panicle number, SM₂ treatment was more conducive to the yield formation of dryland wheat.

查看全文查看/发表评论下载PDF阅读器

关闭