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作者	单位
姚远，马泉，郑国利，李春燕，丁锦峰，朱敏，郭文善，朱新开	（1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室，江苏扬州 225009； 2.粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009；3.教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为探究秸秆还田氮在后茬稻/麦中的有效性及其去向，运用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术，设置秸秆直接还田、秸秆添加腐熟剂还田两个处理，采用大田微区试验连续种植一季冬小麦和一季水稻，分析¹⁵N标记的水稻和小麦秸秆氮在后茬小麦、水稻不同生育时期植株各器官的分配及去向特征。结果表明，秸秆直接还田处理与秸秆添加腐熟剂还田处理下，稻田中小麦还田秸秆的当季腐解率分别为72.71%和80.18%，麦田中水稻还田秸秆的当季腐解率分别为58.53%和68.90%，水稻季显著高于小麦季；小麦季和水稻季植株吸收的氮素中，来自还田前茬秸秆¹⁵N 氮的比例不同，其中小麦季分别为3.13%~3.36%和3.72%~3.85%，水稻季分别为3.19%~3.84%和3.60%~4.20%，水稻季略高于小麦季。与秸秆直接还田处理相比，秸秆添加腐熟剂还田处理能显著促进秸秆腐解，增加小麦和水稻各时期植株对还田秸秆¹⁵N 氮的利用率，并提高还田标记¹⁵N 氮在土壤中的残留率，抑制还田秸秆中¹⁵N 氮的损失率，即采用秸秆添加腐熟剂还田能提高秸秆氮素转化率和有效性。

英文摘要:

To explore the effectiveness and distribution of straw returning nitrogen in wheat rice rotation and provide a basis for reasonable straw returning to the field,in this experiment, ¹⁵N isotope tracing technology was used to design two treatments: returning straw directly to the field (SR) and returning the straw to the field with a decomposing agent (FSR). A field micro-plot experiment of wheat-rice rotation was performed to study the distribution and fate of ¹⁵N-labeled rice and wheat straw nitrogen at different growth stages of wheat and rice. The results showed that the seasonal decomposition rate of wheat straw in paddy field was 72.71 % and 80.18%, respectively, and the seasonal decomposition rate of rice straw in wheat field was 58.53 % and 68.90%, respectively.The rice season showed significantly higher decomposition rate than the wheat season did, under SR and FSR. The proportion of ¹⁵N-nitrogen (%Ndfs) from the previous straw returning to the field was different in the nitrogen absorbed by the wheat and rice seasons. Among them, the wheat season was 3.13%~3.36%, and 3.72%~3.85%; the rice season was 3.19%~3.84%, and 3.60%~4.20%, slightly higher inthe rice season. Compared with SR, FSR significantly promoted the decomposition of the straw, increased the utilization rate of ¹⁵N-nitrogen of the returning straw for wheat and rice at different stages, increased the residual rate of returning marker ¹⁵N-nitrogen in soil, and inhibited the loss rate of ¹⁵N-nitrogen in returning straw. The conclusion is that the nitrogen conversion rate and effectiveness of straw can be improved by adding decomposing agent to the field.

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