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作者	单位
黄钰瑾，熊勤学,胡佩敏，任菲莹	(1.长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434025；2.荆州市气象局，湖北荆州 434020；3.湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心，湖北荆州 434025；4.长江大学涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室；湖北荆州 434025；5.吉林省气象灾害防御技术中心，吉林长春 130062）

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中文摘要:

针对目前作物渍害大范围预报不足的问题，在前人研究基础上，对作物可能渍害预报指标前期累积降雨指数进行改进，提出了考虑气象条件、地形条件、土壤类型等成灾因子影响的小麦潜在渍害日指数概念，并给出了小麦潜在渍害日指数的计算模型；运用监利县12个观测点2014-2016年渍害监测数据计算出公式中的参数，同时对小麦潜在渍害日指数特征进行了分析。结果表明，小麦潜在渍害日指数既是影响渍害成因的综合因子，也是反映土壤水分空间差异的特征量，它和土壤吸力与土壤水分关系相似，有明显的吸湿过程和脱湿过程，即当土壤水分减少时，潜在渍害日指数比较低，而当土壤水分增加到相同的值时，潜在渍害日指数普遍偏高。监利县夏收作物受渍指标：当农田地下水位埋深小于60 cm、小麦潜在渍害日指数5 d 滑动均值高于65 mm的持续期大于5 d时，夏收作物受到轻度渍害；当持续期大于12 d 时受到中度渍害；持续期20 d以上时受到重度渍害；渍害发生后，当小麦潜在渍害日指数小于40 mm时，渍害结束。利用这一预报预警指标对在2017-2019年监利县进行预测验证，22次渍害过程中，有17次准确，3次漏报，2次误报，表明用小麦潜在渍害日指数进行渍害预报预警是比较准确的。

英文摘要:

Due to the lack of large-scale prediction of crop waterlogging at present,based on previous studies,the cumulative rainfall index at early stage of the possible waterlogging prediction index of crops was improved; the concept of potential waterlogging daily index of wheat was proposed considering the influence of meteorological conditions,topographic conditions,soil types and other disaster factors,and the calculation model of potential wheat waterlogging daily index (PWWDI)was given.The parameters in the formula were calculated by using the monitoring data of waterlogging damage at 12 observation points in Jianli county from 2014 to 2016,and the characteristics of PWWDI were analyzed.Results showed that PWWDI was not only the comprehensive factor indicating the extent of wheat sub-surface waterlogging damage,but also the characteristic quantity reflecting the spatial difference of soil moisture.The relationship between PWWDI and soil moisture was similar to that between soil suction and soil moisture,and there were obvious hygroscopic and dehumidification processes,that is,when soil moisture decreased,the PPWDI value is relatively low;whereas when soil moisture increases to the same value,the PWWDI value was generally high.Finally,the damage index of summer harvest wheat sub-surface waterlogging in Jianli county was follows: when the buried depth of farmland ground water level was less than 60 cm;the 5 d sliding mean value of PWWDI value was higher than 65 cm,and the duration was greater than 5 d,the summer crops were slightly waterlogged; when the buried depth of farmland ground water level was less than 60 cm; the 5-d sliding mean value of PWWDI value was higher than 65 cm,and the duration was greater than 12 d or 20 d,the summer crops were moderately or seriously waterlogged.After the occurrence of waterlogging,when the daily index of potential waterlogging injury of wheat was less than 40 mm,the waterlogging injury ended.Using this forecast and warning index in Jianli county in 2017-2019 showed that 17 out of 22 times of sub-surface waterlogging were accurate,with 3 times of omission and 2 times of false alarm,which proved that it was relatively accurate to use the PPWDI index to forecast and warning sub-surface waterlogging.

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