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作者	单位
马忠明，陈娟	（1.甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州 730070 2.甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所，甘肃兰州 730070）

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中文摘要:

为了从土壤呼吸、水热特征探讨河西灌区耕作方式对春小麦的影响，以连续12年(2005－2016)的保护性耕作长期定位试验为基础，比较分析了垄作固定道(PRB)、平作固定道(ZT)、传统耕作(CT) 3种耕作方式下河西灌区春小麦田土壤水热物理特征、土壤呼吸强度及小麦产量的差异。结果表明，播前与收获后，在0～90 cm土层，PRB处理平均土壤含水量较CT处理分别增加15.06%和18.75%，ZT处理较CT处理平均土壤含水量分别增加7.26%和5.98%；不同耕作方式下，春小麦整个生育期的土壤温度总体表现为先增后降，土壤温度响应气温的变化趋势；秸秆覆盖(PRB与ZT)在春小麦苗期表现出降温效应，而在春小麦苗期至成熟期， PRB处理的0～30 cm土层平均土壤温度较ZT、CT处理分别提高0.56～4.39 ℃和0.05～2.6 ℃；小麦生育期土壤呼吸强度先增后降，且随土层深度增加而减弱，不同耕作方式下呼吸强度表现为CT>PRB>ZT；土壤呼吸强度与温度呈显著的指数关系， Q₁₀(温度每增加10 ℃土壤呼吸所增加的倍数) 随土层深度的增加而逐渐增大，且不同耕作方式下表现为ZT>PRB>CT；2013－2016年，PRB、ZT及CT处理下，春小麦平均产量分别为6 981、6 400及6 138 kg·hm^-2，在固定车道占地30%的情况下，PRB处理的产量较ZT、CT处理分别提高了9.08%和13.74%。因此，垄作固定道保护性耕作(PRB)较其他耕作处理具有减排潜力、蓄水保墒及提高土壤温度和增加小麦产量的作用，可在河西灌区推广应用。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the influence of tillage modes on spring wheat in Hexi irrigation area from the characteristics of soil respiration,water and heat,the differences of soil hydrothermal physical characteristics,soil respiration rate and wheat yield in spring wheat fields under permanent raised bed(PRB),flat raised bed with controlled traffic and zero tillage(ZT),and conventional tillage(CT) in Hexi irrigation area were compared and analyzed,based on a long term positioning experiment of conservation tillage for 12 consecutive years(2005-2016). All treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates per treatment; soil respiration rate in spring wheat field was measured by alkali sorption.The results showed that the average soil water content before sowing and after harvest of PRB treatment was increased by 15.06% and 18.75%,and that of ZT treatment was increased by 7.26% and 5.98%,compared with that of CT treatment in 0-90 cm soil layer.Under different tillage modes,the soil temperature in the whole growth period of spring wheat generally increased first and then decreased,and the soil temperature responded to the change trend of temperature.Straw mulching(PRB and ZT) showed a cooling effect at the seedling stage of spring wheat.From the seedling stage to the maturity stage of spring wheat,the average soil temperature of 0-30 cm soil layer treated with PRB was increased by 0.56-4.39 ℃ and 0.05-2.6 ℃,respectively,compared with that of ZT and CT treatments.Soil respiration rate first increased and then decreased during wheat growth period,and weakened with the increase of soil depth.Under different tillage modes,the respiration rate ranked as CT>PRB>ZT.There was significant exponential relationship between soil respiration rate and temperature.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration(Q₁₀ value) increased with the increase of soil depth within 0-30 cm; Q₁₀ values under different tillage modes ranked as ZT>PRB>CT.Soil respiration rate had linear relationship with soil water content.From 2013 to 2016,under PRB,ZT and CT treatments,the average yield of spring wheat was 6 981，6 400 and 6 138 kg·hm^-2,respectively.Under the conditions of the traffic lane covering 30%,the yield of PRB treatment was increased by 9.08% and 13.74%,respectively,compared with that of ZT and CT treatments.Therefore,compared with other tillage treatments,PRB has the potential to reduce emissions,conserve water,improve soil temperature,and increase wheat yield,which can be popularized and applied in Hexi irrigation area.

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