| 谢 凯，赵辰颖，宋韵琳，周 琴，蔡 剑，王 笑，姜 东.渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质对花期渍水小麦生长和产量减损效应的差异[J].麦类作物学报,2023,(5):623 |
| 渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质对花期渍水小麦生长和产量减损效应的差异 |
| Difference of Derogation Effects of Spraying Exogenous Regulating Substances before and after Waterlogging on Growth and Yield of Waterlogged Wheat at Anthesis |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 生长 产量 渍前和渍后喷施 外源调节物质 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Growth Yield Spraying before and after waterlogging Exogenous regulating substances |
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| 摘要点击次数: 244 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确渍前和渍后施用外源物对长江中下游地区渍水小麦生长和产量减损效应的差异，以当地主栽品种扬辐麦4号为供试材料，对渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质（DDTC、GA、肥料元素和复配外源物）后花期渍水胁迫下小麦光合与叶绿素荧光特性、干物质积累与转运及籽粒产量进行了比较分析。结果表明，花期渍水胁迫后小麦光合性能减弱，光能利用和电子传递受阻，花后光合同化物积累减少，籽粒灌浆速率降低，粒重和产量下降。渍前和渍后喷施外源调节物质均可提高花期渍水小麦的叶片光合性能，增强叶片光能利用和电子传递能力，促进籽粒中花后光合同化物积累，提升籽粒灌浆速率以及粒重，从而增加籽粒产量。与渍后喷施相比，渍前喷施外源物能够有效提高花期渍水小麦的叶片光合速率、光化学效率和叶绿素含量以及降低热耗散；渍前喷施外源物能够有效促进花期渍水小麦的花后光合同化物积累，降低花前营养器官贮藏物转运；渍前喷施外源物能够有效提升花期渍水小麦的籽粒灌浆速率，促进粒重和籽粒产量增加。综上所述，与渍后喷施相比，渍前喷施外源调节物质能够有效提升花期渍水小麦光合性能，促进干物质积累与转运以及降低籽粒产量损失，从而减少渍水胁迫对小麦生长和产量的不利影响，其中以渍前喷施复配外源物效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to clarify the difference of the mitigation effect of applying exogenous substances before and after waterlogging on the growth and yield of waterlogged wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,a local cultivar Yangfumai 4 was used as the test material. The photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport,and grain yield of wheat under waterlogging stress at flowering stage after spraying exogenous regulators (DDTC,GA,and fertilizer elements) before and after waterlogging were compared and analyzed. The results showed that after waterlogging stress at anthesis,the photosynthetic performance of wheat weakened; the utilization of light energy and electron transfer were blocked; the accumulation of photosynthates decreased after anthesis; the grain filling rate decreased,and the grain weight and yield decreased. Spraying exogenous regulating substances before and after waterlogging improved the photosynthetic performance of waterlogged wheat leaves at anthesis,enhanced the efficiency of light energy utilization and electron transfer,promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic compounds after anthesis in grains,and improved grain filling rate and grain weight,so as to increased grain yield. Compared with spraying after waterlogging,spraying exogenous substances before waterlogging effectively improved the photosynthetic rate,photochemical efficiency,chlorophyll content and reduced heat dissipation of waterlogged wheat leaves at flowering stage. Spraying exogenous substances before waterlogging effectively enhanced the accumulation of photosynthates after anthesis and reduced the transport of storage substances in vegetative organs before anthesis. Spraying exogenous substances before waterlogging effectively improved the grain filling rate of waterlogged wheat at anthesis,and promoted the increase of grain weight and grain yield. In summary,spraying exogenous regulating substances before and after waterlogging can effectively improve the photosynthetic performance of waterlogged wheat at anthesis,improve dry matter accumulation and transport and reduce grain yield loss,so as to reduce the inhibitory effect of waterlogging stress on wheat growth and yield. Among all exogenous treatments,spraying compound exogenous substances before waterlogging had the best effect. |
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