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丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）在植物生长发育与逆境应答过程中具有重要作用。为探究小麦MAPK基因在植物生长发育中的作用，利用生物信息学分析其编码蛋白的序列和结构，发现该基因编码的蛋白含有一个保守的催化丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸化的激酶结构域，属于丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶。系统进化分析结果表明，小麦MAPK基因与拟南芥MAPK1为直系同源基因，故将其命名为TaMAPK1。进一步通过转基因方法创建了以野生型拟南芥Col-0为背景的TaMAPK1过表达株系（TaMAPK1-OE）和以拟南芥AtMAPK1基因功能缺失纯合突变体mapk1为遗传背景的TaMAPK1回补系（TaMAPK1-com），并对其进行表型观察和产量性状调查，结果发现，突变体mapk1的抽薹时间比Col-0提前2.8 d，TaMAPK1-com的抽薹时间与Col-0无显著变化；与Col-0相比，突变体mapk1的株高、总分枝数、种子大小、单株种子重量和单株生物量均显著提高，而TaMAPK1-com和TaMAPK1-OE株系的种子大小、单株和种子重量和单株生物量均显著减少。

英文摘要:

MAPKs play an important role in plant growth, development and stress resistance. In order to explore the role of wheat MAPK gene in plant growth and development, the sequence and structure of MAPK were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The results showed that all MAPK proteins contain a conserved kinase domain catalyzing the phosphorylation of serine/threonine, belonged to serine/threonine protein kinases. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that wheat MAPK genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis MAPK1, designated as TaMAPK1. In addition, TaMAPK1 overexpression lines(TaMAPK1-OE) with the wild-type Arabidopsis Col-0 as the genetic background and TaMAPK1 complementation lines(TaMAPK1-com) with the Arabidopsis AtMAPK1 loss-of-function mutant mapk1 as the genetic background were created by transgenic methods. The phenotype observation and yield trait investigation results showed that the bolting time of mapk1 was 2.8 days earlier than that of Col-0, and the bolting time of TaMAPK1-com has no significant change, compared with that of Col-0. Compared with Col-0, plant height, branches per plant, seed size, seed weight, and biomass per plant were significantly increased for mapk1, while the seed size, seed weight and biomass per plant of the TaMAPK1-com and TaMAPK1-OE lines were significantly reduced by different degrees.

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