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为探寻促进还田秸秆腐解的有效管理措施，以农民常规水肥管理+秸秆还田为对照（CK），设置常规水肥管理+秸秆还田+腐解剂（CKD）、滴灌+缓控释肥+秸秆还田（SS）、滴灌+缓控释肥+秸秆还田+腐解剂（SSD）、水肥一体+秸秆还田（SF）、水肥一体+秸秆还田+腐解剂（SFD）共5个处理，分析不同水肥管理配施秸秆腐解剂对小麦秸秆腐解率以及养分释放规律的影响。结果表明，（1）各处理秸秆腐解率均表现为前期快后期慢的变化趋势，CKD、SSD、SFD处理的秸秆腐解率在玉米收获期分别比对应的CK、SS、SF处理高2.1、4.4和4.2个百分点，其中SSD与SS处理间、SFD与SF处理间差异均达到显著水平；（2）各处理秸秆养分释放表现为钾>磷>氮，小麦生育期内养分释放规律与秸秆腐解变化趋势一致；SFD处理下的全磷投入量最多，为48.2 kg·hm^-2，而CKD处理下全钾和全氮投入量最高，分别为163.8和67.2 kg·hm^-2；（3）不同处理间， CK在0~20 cm土层的土壤速效养分含量最高，SSD和SFD处理的速效氮含量较对应的SS和SF处理分别增加了27.9%和19.5%，速效磷含量分别提升了42.9%和25.8%；（4）CKD处理的玉米产量最高，为10 387.9 kg·hm^-2，其次为SFD、SF、SSD处理，较CK分别提升了41.5%、31.0%、30.5%和0.8%，除SSD处理外，其余处理均与CK差异显著。综上，添加腐解剂不仅能有效促进小麦秸秆腐解和氮磷钾养分释放，提高玉米产量，还显著增加了水肥优化管理下土壤速效养分的含量，其中以水肥一体+秸秆还田+腐解剂、常规水肥管理+秸秆还田+腐解剂两处理效果最佳。

英文摘要:

In order to explore effective management measures to promote the decomposition of straw returned to the field,five treatments of conventional water and fertilizer management + straw returned to the field + decomposing agent(CKD),drip irrigation + slow and controlled release fertilizer + straw returned to the field(SS),drip irrigation + slow and controlled release fertilizer + straw returned to the field + decomposing agent(SSD),water and fertilizer integration + straw returned to the field(SF),water and fertilizer integration + straw returned to the field + decomposing agent(SFD) were set up with farmers’ conventional water and fertilizer management + straw returned to the field as the control(CK). The effects of different water and fertilizer management combined with straw decomposing agent on the decomposition rate and the nutrient release of wheat straw were analyzed. The results showed that the straw decomposition rate of each treatment showed a trend of fast change in the early stage and slow change in the late stage.The straw decomposition rates of CKD,SSD and SFD treatments were 2.1,4.4 and 4.2 percentage points higher than that of CK,SS,and SF treatment,respectively,in the maize harvest period,among which the differences between SSD and SS,SFD and SF were significant at 0.05 level.The nutrient release of straw in each treatment showed a trend of potassium > phosphorus > nitrogen,which was consistent with the changing trend of straw decomposition during growth period. The total phosphorus input(48.2 kg·hm^-2) under SFD treatment was the most,while the total potassium(163.8 kg·hm^-2) and total nitrogen input(67.2 kg·hm^-2) under CKD treatment were the highest.Among different treatments,the soil available nutrient content of CK was the highest in the 0-20 cm soil layer. Compared with SS and SF treatments,the content of available nitrogen under SSD and SFD treatments was increased by 27.9% and 19.5%,respectively,and the content of available phosphorus was increased by 42.9% and 25.8%,respectively,indicating that the use of decomposing agent can effectively increase the content of soil available nutrients under optimal water and fertilizer management. The maize yield of CKD was the highest,which was 10 387.9 kg·hm^-2,followed by that under SFD,SF,and SSD. The maize yield of CKD,SFD,SF and SSD was increased by 41.5%,31.0%,30.5% and 0.8%,respectively,compared with CK. Except for SSD,the other three treatments were significantly higher than CK. In summary,the addition of decomposing agents can not only effectively promote the decomposition of wheat straw and the release of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,increase the yield of maize,but also significantly increase the content of soil available nutrients under the optimal management of water and fertilizer. Under the conditions of this study,integrated water and fertilizer + straw returning + decomposing agent and conventional water and fertilizer management + straw returning + decomposing agent have the best effect.

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