| 傅晓艺，史占良，单子龙，张士昌，韩 然，张铁石，曹 巧，高振贤，高新梅，何明琦.氮肥和密度互作对冬小麦石4366群体、茎秆特性和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2023,(1):81 |
| 氮肥和密度互作对冬小麦石4366群体、茎秆特性和产量的影响 |
| Effects of Nitrogen-Density Interaction on Population,Stem Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat Cultivar Shi 4366 |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2023.01.09 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 氮肥 密度 群体 茎秆特性 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Nitrogen Density Population Stem characteristics Yield |
| 基金项目:优质强筋小麦石4366节水保优绿色调控技术研究与示范（211490092A）；国家小麦现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-03-11）；节水高产小麦新品种培育项目（21326318D-1）；河北省小麦工程技术研究中心绩效后补助经费项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索施氮量和种植密度互作对冬小麦品种石4366生长特性的影响，2020-2021年度在长期氮肥定位试验田通过裂区试验，设置4个施氮水平（施氮量分别为75 kg·hm-2、150 kg·hm-2、225 kg·hm-2和300 kg·hm-2，分别用N75、N150、N225和N300表示）和5个种植密度水平（分别为225×104株·hm-2、300×104株·hm-2、375×104株·hm-2、450×104株·hm-2和525×104株·hm-2，分别用D225、D300、D375、D450和D525表示），比较分析了不同处理间该品种旗叶面积、穗部发育、群体动态、秸秆特性和产量的差异。结果表明，施氮量和种植密度对石4366群体、茎秆特性和产量均有显著影响。N75条件下穗长、总小穗数和旗叶面积最小，与其他氮素水平间均差异显著。N225D375处理下，穗长和总小穗数最多，不孕小穗数最少。茎秆基部第二节间充实度在N150和N225条件下最高，第三节间充实度在N225条件下最高，第二和第三节间充实度均在低氮和高氮条件下最低，且差异不显著，说明氮素供应不足或过量施氮均不利于石4366茎秆发育。茎秆基部三个节间的充实度均在D450和D525条件下较低，其中以D525条件下最低，茎壁厚度也最小。N300D450处理下最高群体、成熟期穗数和成穗率最高。N300下产量最高，N75下最低。产量在D525和D225条件下分别最高和最低。穗粒数在N150~N300间差异不显著，N75条件下穗粒数最低，千粒重最高。综合分析，小麦品种石4366产量和茎秆特性受施氮量、密度及二者互作影响，在本试验中N225D525和N300D300处理下，石4366产量、茎秆特性可同步提高,同时获得较高的经济效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study was conducted to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates and planting densities on the growth characteristics of a winter wheat variety Shi 4366 in a long-term nitrogen positioning test field. Using a split-plot design,a field trial was conducted in 2020-2021,with four nitrogen levels (75 kg·hm-2,150 kg·hm-2,225 kg·hm-2,and 300 kg·hm-2,represented by N75,N150,N225,and N300,respectively) and five planting density levels (225×104 plants·hm-2,300×104 plants·hm-2,375×104 plants·hm-2,450×104 plants·hm-2,and 525×104 plants·hm-2,represented by D225,D300,D375,D450,and D525,respectively). The differences of flag leaf areas,ear development,population dynamics,stem characteristics,yield and economic efficiency among different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the population,stem characteristics and yield were significantly affected by the nitrogen amount and planting density. The panicle length,total spikelet number and flag leaf area were the smallest under N75 treatment,which were significantly different from those under other nitrogen levels. The panicle length and the total number of spikelet were the most,but the number of sterile spikelet was the least under N225D375 treatment. The filling degree of the basal second internode was the maximum under N150 and N225,and the third internode was the highest under N225. There was no significant difference in the filling degree of the second and the third internodes,with the value lowest under both low nitrogen application and high nitrogen conditions,indicating that insufficient nitrogen supply or excessive nitrogen application were not favorable to the stem development of Shi 4366. The filling degree of the three basal internodes were lower under the conditions of D450 and D525; the value under D525 was the lowest,and the thickness of the stem wall was also the smallest. Under N300D450,the highest population,the number of panicles at maturity and the rate of panicle were the highest. The yield was the highest under N300 but lowest under N75. Meanwhile,the yield was the highest under D525 but lowest under D225. There was no significant difference in the grain number between N150 and N300; and the grain number was the lowest,but the 1 000-grain weight was the maximum under N75. Comprehensive analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between nitrogen application rate and panting density. In this experiment,under the nitrogen fertilizer and planting density of N225D525 and N300D300,the yield and stem characteristics of Shi 4366 can be simultaneously improved,and a higher economic benefits can be obtained at the same time. |
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