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春化作用和光周期现象是影响小麦抽穗、成花转变的重要因素，与小麦的适应性密切相关。温光发育特性是决定小麦适应性的重要生态因素，其影响小麦种植区域分布、引种以及栽培措施的选择。小麦温光发育受4个春化主效基因 Vrn-1、 Vrn-2、 Vrn-3和 Vrn-4及3个光周期基因 Ppd-D1、 Ppd-B1和 Ppd-A1的调控。丰富的春化、光周期基因等位变异，可提高小麦的遗传多样性和广泛适应性。本文综述了近年来小麦温光发育与分子基础研究进展，主要包括小麦春化发育特性、光周期发育与温光互作效应、春化和光周期基因的分子机理以及等位变异类型与地理分布，并分析了小麦冬春性与温光互作分子机理研究中存在的问题，以期为小麦温光发育的分子研究、品种遗传改良和引种提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

Vernalization and photoperiod are important factors affecting wheat heading and flower transition, and are closely related to wheat adaptability. The characteristics of thermo-photoperiod development are important ecological factors determining the wheat adaptability, and affecting the planting distribution, introduction and selection of cultivation methods of wheat. The thermo-photoperiod development of wheat was regulated by four major vernalization genes Vrn-1, Vrn-2, Vrn-3 and Vrn-4 and three photoperiod genes Ppd-D1, Ppd-B1 and Ppd-A1. The genetic diversity and extensive adaptability of wheat can be improved by abundant allelic variations of vernalization and photoperiod genes. In this paper, we summarized the progress of wheat thermo-photoperiod development and molecular basis in recent years, mainly including vernalization development characteristics, photoperiod development and thermo-photoperiod interaction, molecular mechanism of vernalization and photoperiod genes, allelic variation types and geographical distribution, and analyzed the problems existing in research on the molecular mechanism of wheat winter-spring and thermo-photoperiod interaction. This review will provide theoretical basis for molecular research of thermo-photoperiod, genetic improvement and introduction of wheat.

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