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作者	单位
李赟，李霞，李慕嵘，杨蕊，王小燕	（长江大学农学院/主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心，湖北荆州 434025）

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中文摘要:

为探究江汉平原小麦生育期间雨水过多对小麦造成的影响，于2020-2021年以耐渍品种襄麦55和主推品种郑麦9023为供试材料开展大田试验，分析了开花期连续渍水7 d小麦产量、干物质和氮素积累与转运的变化。结果表明，与无渍水的对照（CK）相比，渍水导致小麦旗叶SPAD值下降。渍水后郑麦9023旗叶比襄麦55衰老更早，旗叶功能期相对更短。开花期渍水致使成熟期营养器官干物质和氮素积累量下降，促进花前储存的干物质和氮素在花后向籽粒的转运，提高了花前储存的干物质和氮素对籽粒产量和氮素的贡献率，但依然使成熟期单茎籽粒干物质和氮素积累量分别下降10.87%~13.59%和19.32%~23.60%。襄麦55成熟期茎鞘的干物质和氮素积累量下降量较大，花前干物质和氮素转运效率高于郑麦9023。开花期渍水影响籽粒灌浆速率和灌浆时间。渍水导致襄麦55最快灌浆期由花后21~35 d缩短至花后28~35 d，但单粒重下降不显著；渍水后郑麦9023灌浆在花后35 d时基本停止，单粒重下降显著。开花期渍水显著降低小麦产量，使襄麦55和郑麦9023分别减产7.7%和15.6%，减产主因分别是穗粒数和千粒重的显著下降。总之，开花期渍水会导致小麦减产，但促进了花前储存的干物质和氮素向籽粒的转运，对襄麦55花前干物质和氮素转运的影响大于郑麦9023。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the impact of excessive rain on wheat during anthesis in Jianghan Plain, a field test was carried out with Xiangmai 55 and Zhengmai 9023 as materials from 2020 to 2021.The effect of waterlogging on wheat yield, dry matter and nitrogen distribution was explored by flooding for seven consecutive days in the flowering period.The results showed that the waterlogging caused a decrease in SPAD values in wheat flag leaves compared to CK.After waterlogging, Zhengmai 9023 aged earlier than Xiangmai 55, and the flag leaf function period is relatively shorter.Waterlogging in flowering period led to a decrease in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in vegetative organs at maturity stage, promoted the transport of dry matter and nitrogen to grain, and improved the contribution rate of pre-anthesis accumulation to grain, but still led to a significant decrease in grain weight per single stem and nitrogen accumulation by 10.87% to 13.59% and 19.32% to 23.60%, respectively.The amount of dry matter and nitrogen decreased most in the mature stem sheath of Xiangmai 55, and the efficiency of pre-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen transport was higher compared with that of Zhengmai 9023.Waterlogging during flowering period affected grain grouting rate and grouting time.The waterlogging shortened the fastest grouting period of Xiangmai 55 from 21-35 d to 28-35 d after flower, but the decrease of single grain weight was not significantly; the waterlogging caused the termination of Zhengmai 9023 grouting at 35 d after flower and a significant decrease of single grain weight.Waterlogging during flowering significantly reduced wheat yield.The yield of Xiangmai 55 was decreased by 7.7%, mainly because of the significant decrease in spike number(17.6%) and the yield of Zhengmai 9023 was decreased by 15.6%, mainly because of the decrease in 1 000-grain weight(11.0%).In conclusion, the flowering waterlogging reduced wheat production, but the waterlogging promoted the transport of dry matter and nitrogen to grain.Compared with Zhengmai 9023, Xiangmei 55 has a higher pre-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen transport efficiency, which provides a reference for the selection of wheat planting varieties in Jianghan Plain.

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