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咸云宇，王维领，赵凌天，刘畅，刘光明，姜恒鑫，廖平强，赵灿，霍中洋.缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2022,(9):1117

缓释氮肥配施尿素对迟播小麦产量形成及氮素利用的影响

Effect of Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization of Late Sowing Wheat

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2022.09.09

中文关键词: 缓释氮肥配施迟播小麦氮素利用

英文关键词:Slow release nitrogen fertilizer Combined application Late sowing wheat Nitrogen utilization

基金项目:江苏省重点研发计划项目（BE2020319，BE2019377，BE2021361）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300802）；江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD）；扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目（2018）；江苏现代农业产业关键技术创新项目［CX（21）2001］

作者	单位
咸云宇，王维领，赵凌天，刘畅，刘光明，姜恒鑫，廖平强，赵灿，霍中洋	（江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，扬州大学，江苏扬州 225009）

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中文摘要:

为建立稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高效施肥模式与技术，以冬小麦品种扬麦23为材料，以43%树脂包膜缓释氮肥（PCU，含氮43%）和尿素（U，含氮46%）为氮肥，设置“一次性基施”（A）与“一基一追”（B）2种施肥模式，共形成100%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施（A1）、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+20%尿素基施（A2）、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥+40%尿素基施（A3）、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素返青期追施(B1)、80%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+20%尿素拔节期追施（B2）、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素返青期追施（B3）、60%树脂包膜缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施（B4）等7个施肥处理，分析了缓释氮肥与尿素配施对迟播小麦产量及其构成、茎蘖动态、干物质积累、叶面积指数、SPAD值、氮素利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明，一次性基施模式处理（A1~A3）的小麦产量显著低于常规施肥（CK，基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2）；“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理（B1~B4）的产量显著高于CK，泰州与扬州两地分别平均增产 5.77%和5.64%，其中B4处理产量最高，分别为8 796.80和7 848.18 kg·hm^-2，分别比CK高8.30%和 9.05%；与CK相比，“一基一追”两次施肥模式处理的生育中、后期叶面积指数和干物质积累量、乳熟期旗叶SPAD值、全生育期吸氮总量与氮素利用效率、净效益均不同程度地提高；不同施肥处理中，B4处理氮素各利用指标表现最优，其中氮素积累总量及经济净效益平均达到266.83 kg·hm^-2和11 992.96元·hm^-2。综上，“60%树脂包膜[JP3]缓释氮肥基施+40%尿素拔节期追施”是稻茬迟播小麦树脂包膜缓释氮肥高产高效施肥方式。

英文摘要:

In order to establish an efficient fertilization mode and technology of resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer for late-sowing wheat following rice,a winter wheat variety Yangmai 23 was chosen as the material,applied with 43% resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer(PCU) and 46% urea (U) under seven fertilization treatments:100% PCU as base fertilizer(A1),80% PCU+20% U as base fertilizer(A2),60% PCU+40% U as base fertilizer(A3),80% PCU as base fertilizer+20% U as reviving fertilizer(B1),80% PCU as base fertilizer+20% U as jointing fertilizer(B2),60% PCU as base fertilizer+40% U as reviving fertilizer(B3) and 60% PCU as base fertilizer+40% as jointing fertilizer(B4). The effects of different fertilization methods on the yield and it components,stem and tiller dynamics,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index,SPAD value and nitrogen use efficiency of late-sowing wheat were studied. The results showed that the yield of one-time basal application(A1-A3) was significantly lower than that of CK; the yield of ‘one base and one topdressing’ treatment(B1-B4) was significantly higher than that of CK. The average yield in Taizhou and Yangzhou was increased by 5.77% and 5.64%,respectively. Among different treatments,the yield under B4 treatment were the highest,which were 8 796.80 and 7 848.18 kg·hm^-2,8.30% and 9.05% higher than those of CK,respectively. Compared with CK,the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in the middle and late growth stages,SPAD value of flag leaf at milky stage,total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen efficiency and net benefit in the whole growth period of ‘one base and one topdressing’ mode were improved to varying degrees. Among different fertilization treatments,B4 treatment had the best nitrogen indices with the average total nitrogen accumulation and net economic benefit reached 266.83 kg·hm^-2 and 11 992.96 yuan·hm^-2. In conclusion,‘60% resin coated slow-release nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer+40% common urea as jointing fertilizer’ is a high-yield and high-efficient fertilization method using resin coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer for late sowing wheat following rice.

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