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为探究播种期对不同小麦品种植株表型和产量的影响，选用我国黄淮麦区推广的15个强筋、中强筋和中筋小麦品种为试验材料，设置10月25日（冬前积温为319.9 ℃·d）和11月15日（冬前积温为83.4 ℃·d）两个播种期处理，对不同处理下小麦株高、节间长、产量及其构成进行测定分析。结果表明，将播种期由10月25日推迟至11月15日，所有品种出苗时间均延迟到越冬后；86.7%的品种伸长节间数量发生变化，其中33.3%的品种部分单茎由4个节间或5个节间增加为6个节间，另有33.3%的品种部分单茎由4个节间增加为5个节间，20%的品种部分单茎则由5个节间减少为4个节间；参试品种的平均株高、基部第一节间和穗下节间长度均显著降低。根据小麦籽粒产量及播种期由10月25日推迟至11月15日后籽粒产量的变化幅度，均可将参试品种分为高产和低产两类。其中有2个强筋和2个中强筋小麦品种籽粒产量在两个播种期下均较高，2个强筋、1个中强筋和1个中筋小麦品种产量在两个播种期下均较低。将播种期由10月25日推迟至11月15日，3个强筋和1个中筋小麦品种产量降低幅度较大。通径分析表明,穗粒数降幅对籽粒产量降幅的直接通径系数最大，为0.419 9，说明播种期由10月25日推迟至11月15日时，穗粒数减少是导致产量降低的主要原因。在冬前积温为319.9 ℃·d的条件下，参试的强筋、中强筋和中筋小麦品种平均籽粒产量无显著差异，过晚播种（冬前积温为83.4 ℃·d）显著降低了强筋、中强筋和中筋小麦品种的籽粒产量，其中强筋小麦品种的籽粒产量降幅最大，达40.6%，其次为中筋小麦品种；中强筋小麦品种籽粒产量降幅最小，为30.5%。

英文摘要:

In order to explore the influence of sowing date on the phenotype and yield of different wheat cultivars,15 strong gluten,strong-to-medium gluten and medium gluten wheat cultivars popularized in Huang-Huai wheat region of China were selected as experimental materials,with two sowing dates: October 25(pre-winter accumulation temperature is 319.9 ℃·d) and November 15(pre-winter accumulation temperature is 83.4 ℃·d) and analyze the height,interval length grain yield and composition of the wheat under different treatments.The results showed that when the sowing date was postponed from October 25 to November 15,all cultivars were seedling after winter. The number of elongated internodes changed in 86.7% of the cultivars,of which 33.3% of the cultivars increased from 4 or 5 nodes to 6 internodes,another 33.3% of the cultivars increased from 4 internodes to 5 internodes,and 20% of the cultivars decreased from 5 internodes to 4 internodes. The average plant height,the length of the first internode at the base and the internode under the panicle of the tested cultivars were significantly reduced. According to the wheat grain yield and the difference of the grain yield under the two sowing date treatments,the tested cultivars can be divided into two groups: high yield and low yield. Among them,two strong gluten and two strong-to-medium gluten wheat cultivars had higher grain yield,and two strong gluten,one strong-to-medium gluten and one medium gluten wheat cultivar had lower grain yield under the two sowing date conditions. When the sowing date was postponed from October 25 to November 15,the yield of three strong gluten and one strong-to-medium gluten wheat cultivars was significantly reduced. The path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient of the decrease in grain number per ear to the decrease in grain yield was the largest,which was 0.419 9,indicating that when the sowing date was postponed from October 25 to November 15,the decrease in grain number per ear was the main reason for the decrease in yield. Under the condition that the pre-winter accumulation temperature was 319.9 ℃·d,there was no significant difference in the average grain yield of the strong gluten,strong-to-medium gluten and medium gluten wheat cultivars,and the late sowing(the pre-winter accumulation temperature was 83.4 ℃·d) significantly reduced the grain yield of the strong gluten,strong-to-medium gluten and medium gluten wheat cultivars,of which the grain yield of the strong gluten wheat cultivars showed the largest decrease,reaching 40.6%,followed by the medium gluten cultivars. The grain yield of the strong-to-medium gluten wheat cultivars showed the least decrease,reaching 30.5%.

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