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为了解不同覆盖方式下西北旱地冬小麦产量和氮肥利用的差异，在长期定位试验基础上，设置¹⁵N微区试验，分析常规播种、垄覆沟播、全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖4种栽培条件下冬小麦的产量、氮素累积及氮肥利用率。结果表明，与常规播种相比，垄覆沟播、全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖下小麦产量分别提高4.9%、 15.4%和12.4%，其中全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖的增产效果达到显著水平；地上部总生物量分别提高4.6%、 23.9%和16.8%；籽粒氮含量分别降低19.6%、8.9%和7.2%。籽粒氮素累积量和地上部氮素总累积量在不同覆盖方式下变化趋势一致，全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖的籽粒氮素累积量较常规播种分别提高6.0%和 5.6%，地上部氮素总累积量分别提高8.0%和5.5%，而垄覆沟播的籽粒氮素累积量和地上部氮素总累积量较常规播种分别降低13.9%和10.8%。垄覆沟播、全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖的籽粒氮素中肥料氮的比例较常规播种分别提高22.5%、29.8%和16.3%，籽粒中肥料氮累积量分别提高4.2%、39.3%和20.5%；地上部肥料氮累积量分别提高7.1%、38.8%和19.3%；氮肥利用率分别提高7.1%、38.8%和19.3%。因此，在本试验条件下，全膜穴播和秸秆覆盖可以明显促进小麦增产、氮素累积和氮肥高效利用，其中从环境因素考虑，秸秆覆盖的效果更好。

英文摘要:

To understand the conditions of winter wheat yield and nitrogen utilization in northwest dryland under different mulching methods, on the basis of long-term positioning experiment, a field ¹⁵N tracer experiment was conducted to test effects of different mulching methods: conventional mode, ridge-furrow plastic mulching, plastic mulching and straw mulching, on yield, nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency. Compared to conventional mode, the wheat yield of ridge-furrow plastic mulching, plastic mulching and straw mulching was increased by 4.9%, 15.4% and 12.4%, respectively, and the yield of plastic mulching and straw mulching were significantly higher than that of conventional mode.Total aboveground biomass increased by 4.6%, 23.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Grain nitrogen content decreased by 19.6%, 8.9% and 7.2%, respectively. The grain nitrogen accumulation and total aboveground nitrogen accumulation have the same changing trend under different mulching methods, that is, compared to conventional mode, the grain nitrogen accumulation of plastic mulching and straw mulching increased by 6.0% and 5.6%; the total aboveground nitrogen accumulation increased by 8.0% and 5.5%; while the grain nitrogen accumulation and the total aboveground nitrogen accumulation of ridge-furrow plastic mulching was decreased by 13.9% and 10.8%. Compared to conventional mode, the Ndff in grains of ridge-furrow plastic mulching, plastic mulching, and straw mulching was increased by 22.5%, 29.8% and 16.3%, respectively. ¹⁵N in grain accumulation increased by 4.2%, 39.3% and 20.5%, respectively. The total ¹⁵N accumulation increased by 7.1%, 38.8% and 19.3%, respectively. Fertilizer use efficiency increased by 7.1%, 38.8% and 19.3%, respectively. Therefore, plastic mulching and straw mulching obviously improved wheat yield, nitrogen accumulation and ¹⁵N fertilizer use efficiency. Combined with environmental factors, the effect of straw mulching is better.

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