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作者	单位
宋全昊，金艳，宋佳静，白冬，陈杰，赵立尚，朱统泉	（1. 驻马店市农业科学院 463000，中国河南驻马店；2. 国际玉米小麦改良中心, 埃尔巴丹 6-641 06600 墨西哥）

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中文摘要:

为挖掘人工合成六倍体小麦（synthetic hexaploid wheat，SHW）在育种中的应用价值，利用从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进的5份SHW（SHW1、SHW2、SHW3、SHW4、SHW5）分别与普通小麦驻麦762进行杂交、回交，构建相应回交群体（BC₂），综合分析其农艺、产量、光合、叶绿素、水分利用效率等性状特点。结果表明，SHW的株高较高，穗下节和穗下茎较长，收获系数和产量低，分蘖多，部分材料千粒重较高；BC₂可将SHW的高分蘖、高生物量和驻麦762的多花多实、矮秆、高收获系数等性状聚合；SHW叶片的叶绿素含量在开花期之后维持较高水平，BC₂-SHW1、BC₂-SHW4和BC₂-SHW5在开花期的叶绿素含量均高于双亲，灌浆期BC₂的叶绿素含量整体低于SHW和高于驻麦762；SHW在拔节期、开花期、灌浆期有明显的光合优势，BC₂的光合速率从抽穗期之后明显低于双亲；驻麦762在抽穗期、开花期的瞬时水分利用效率最高；SHW在拔节期和灌浆期有较高的瞬时水分利用效率，在部分BC₂中得以遗传。SHW可以在小麦育种中用于农艺性状的改良及叶绿素含量和瞬时水分利用效率的提升。

英文摘要:

In order to understand the application value of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), five newly introduced SHWs from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were crossbred and backcrossed with common wheat Zhumai 762 to construct the corresponding backcross population (BC₂). Main agronomic traits, yield related traits, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and water use efficiency were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that SHW had higher plant height, longer first internode and peduncle, lower harvest index and grain yield, more tillers, and higher thousand-kernel weight. BC₂ combined SHWs traits of high tillering and high biomass with those of flowering and fruity, short stalk and high harvest coefficient of Zhumai 762. The chlorophyll content in SHW leaves was higher after anthesis; the chlorophyll content of BC₂-SHW1, BC₂-SHW4, and BC₂-SHW5 at anthesis were higher than that of parents, and the chlorophyll content of BC₂ at filling stage was lower than that of SHW but higher than that of Zhumai 762. SHW had obvious photosynthetic advantage at jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage, and the photosynthetic rate of BC₂ were significantly lower than that of parents after heading stage. The water use efficiency of Zhumai 762 was the highest at heading and flowering stages, and the high water use efficiency of SHW at late growth stage was inherited in some BC₂ populations. High water use efficiency of the SHW in the late stage can be introduced to the BC₂ populations. SHW can be used to improve agronomic traits, chlorophyll content and water use efficiency in breeding.

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